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This Clinical Landscape Report was built with PatSnap Life Sciences MCP workflows. Clinical Trials MCP supplies protocol and result records, Drug & Asset MCP adds asset context, and Company & Deal Intelligence MCP resolves sponsor background. Use the same structured MCP building blocks in your research workflow.
Data snapshot: 16 October 2026. This strategic research report is not medical, regulatory or investment advice. Trial status and dates can change.
Clinical phase
Recruitment status
Planned enrollment
Primary-completion proxy
NCT03933397 evaluates Hydromorphone Hydrochloride in Vaso-occlusive crisis. The disclosed sponsor is Duke University, the design is Interventional, and the geographic footprint is United States. The first listed primary endpoint is The Change in Pain Score, assessed over baseline (bed placement), to disposition decision or a maximum treatment duration of 6 hours, whichever came first.
The key landscape question is whether this protocol can generate a clinically interpretable signal relative to nearby programs. Phase alone is not a measure of evidence quality. Endpoint relevance, comparator choice, masking, enrollment feasibility, patient selection, country coverage and follow-up must be considered together.
PatSnap MCP Servers make this assessment reproducible by keeping protocol facts, result evidence, asset attributes and sponsor identity in separate structured calls.
Clinical Trials MCP clinical_trial_fetch retrieved the design, outcomes, phase, status, enrollment, sponsor, countries and timing for NCT03933397 and selected peers. clinical_trial_result_fetch supplied detailed result records from the wider Vaso-occlusive crisis landscape. Drug & Asset MCP drug_fetch was queried for Hydromorphone Hydrochloride, while Company & Deal Intelligence MCP organization_fetch was queried for Duke University.
This separation reduces a common diligence error: treating a registry label, a company description or a result excerpt as if each represented the complete evidence package. Explore the source workflow at the PatSnap MCP marketplace.
| Trial | Asset / intervention | Phase / status | Sponsor | Geography | Primary endpoint | Readout proxy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03933397 | Hydromorphone Hydrochloride | Phase 3 / Terminated | Duke University | United States | The Change in Pain Score baseline (bed placement), to disposition decision or a maximum treatm… | 2022-05-13 |
| NCT05451940 | Epoetin Alfa | Phase 1/2 / Completed | University of Pittsburgh | United States, Nigeria | Percentage of Participants With Hemoglobin (Hb) Response Baseline to 12 weeks | 2024-12-13 |
| NCT05445128 | GRO beta | Phase 2 / Terminated | Ensoma, Inc. | United States | Apheresis Collection Yield Up to 2 days | 2022-12-08 |
| NCT05434000 | Hydroxycarbamide | Not Applicable / Recruiting | Sponsor not reported | Nigeria | Reach 1 year | 2025-07-31 |
| NCT05431088 | Osivelotor | Phase 2/3 / Recruiting | Pfizer Inc. | Saudi Arabia, United States, Brazil, United Kingdom, Nigeria, Kenya, India | Part A Through week 12 | 2030-12-30 |
The table aligns endpoints, sponsors, phases, geographies and readout proxies. It is descriptive, not a head-to-head efficacy comparison. Differences in population, baseline risk, intervention schedule and follow-up can dominate apparent cross-trial differences.

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NCT03933397 is a Phase 3, terminated study with not reported planned participants. Allocation is Randomized, masking is Double, and the intervention model is Parallel Assignment.
The primary endpoint is “The Change in Pain Score” over “baseline (bed placement), to disposition decision or a maximum treatment duration of 6 hours, whichever came first.” The retrieved endpoint description is: Pain is measured by having the patient mark pain on a scale of 0 to 100, with 0 being no pain and 100 being the worst pain ever. Pain scores were initially measured using a 0-100 millimeter visual analog scale with higher (closer to 100 being worse); however during the COVID-19 pandemic, one site removed paper forms from the emergency department as an infection control measure. The protocol was amended to add collection of a 0-100 verbal numerical rating scale and sites were ask to obtain both a vision and verbal score if possible collecting the visual score first. For the analysis, the visual score was used if….
Interpretation should test whether the endpoint captures a clinically meaningful change, whether its time horizon matches the proposed biology, and whether treatment discontinuation or missing data can bias the estimate. The planned enrollment of not reported should be assessed against expected effect size, event frequency, multiplicity, subgroup plans and attrition.
No named control drug was returned in the protocol field set. A placebo comparator can strengthen internal efficacy assessment, while an active comparator may better test clinical differentiation. Single-arm and open-label programs require greater weight on objective outcomes, independent assessment and external benchmarks.
0 recent result records were selected as contextual evidence for Vaso-occlusive crisis. These records do not establish direct evidence for NCT03933397 unless the registration number matches.
No directly comparable result record was retrieved for this disease query. This is a monitoring gap, not evidence of absence.
Result fields should be reconciled with the source record before quantitative comparison. Population definitions, analysis sets, dose cohorts, estimands, confidence intervals, rescue therapy and follow-up can materially change the meaning of a numerical endpoint. Clinical Trials MCP supports repeatable refreshes as result records change.
Hydromorphone Hydrochloride is indexed as Small molecule drug with μ opioid receptor biology and a global stage of Approved. The asset profile lists Fresenius Kabi USA LLC as an originator or developer.
Duke University is indexed in an unreported country with the website https://www.dukeems.org. Duke University is a private research university providing undergraduate and postgraduate education in medicine and other disciplines. The record lists 65 development-stage drug assets.
For execution diligence, monitor sponsor ownership, collaborator additions, site expansion, protocol amendments and enrollment revisions. A change in ownership or geography can alter operational confidence as well as the commercial meaning of a future readout.
White space should be framed as an unanswered development question, not merely an unoccupied mechanism label. A credible program closes a measurable clinical uncertainty with a design that can be executed and interpreted.
For sponsors, the endpoint hierarchy, safety window, enrollment pace and protocol amendment history should all support the same target product profile. Advancement criteria should be set before the readout and tied to clinical effect, uncertainty, tolerability and operational feasibility.
For business-development teams, differentiation may come from a sharper population, stronger comparator, more durable benefit, simpler delivery or clearer sequencing role. For investors, the central risk is evidence quality relative to time and capital, not the phase label in isolation.
Track recruitment status, enrollment changes, primary-completion timing, endpoint revisions, new result records, sponsor ownership and collaborator changes. Re-run the PatSnap MCP workflow when a surrogate becomes a clinical outcome, a single-country study expands, the comparator changes or a new result materially shifts the competitive benchmark.
Anchor trial: NCT03933397
Protocol source: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03933397
MCP sources: Clinical Trials MCP (clinical_trial_fetch and clinical_trial_result_fetch); Drug & Asset MCP (drug_fetch); Company & Deal Intelligence MCP (organization_fetch).
Data snapshot: 16 October 2026.
Hydromorphone Hydrochloride in Vaso-occlusive crisis is best understood through the interaction of protocol design, surrounding readouts, asset context and sponsor execution. The current record makes The Change in Pain Score and 2022-05-13 the leading decision points.

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