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Last update 08 May 2025

Pinta

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

AZUL, Azul, CARATE

+ [27]

Introduction

An infectious disease of the skin caused by Treponema carateum that occurs only in the western hemisphere. Age of onset is between 10 and 20 years of age. This condition is characterized by marked changes in the skin color and is believed to be transmitted by direct person-to-person contact.

Drugs associated with Pinta

Penicillin G Benzathine

Target

PBPs

Mechanism

PBPs inhibitors

Active Org.

Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd. [+4]

Originator Org.

King Pharmaceuticals LLC

Active Indication

Chorea [+10]

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

United States

First Approval Date27 Jun 1952

Clinical Trials associated with Pinta

IRCT201205029618N1

/ CompletedPhase 2IIT

Formulation and Clinical Trial of a Traditional Dosage Form for Skin Depigmentation and Comparison to a Marketed Preparation in Two Groups of Patients Suffering From Vitiligo

Start Date05 Aug 2012

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Pinta

100 Translational Medicine associated with Pinta

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Pinta

Literatures (Medical) associated with Pinta

03 Apr 2025·Nature

Ancient genomes reveal a deep history of Treponema pallidum in the Americas

Article

Author: Tiliakou, Anthi ; Krause, Johannes ; Kirkpatrick, Casey L ; Sajantila, Antti ; Fabra, Mariana ; Roberts, Patrick ; Pacheco, Aryel ; Spyrou, Maria A ; Bianco, Raffaela A ; Hamilton, W Derek ; Bos, Kirsten I ; Aspillaga, Eugenio ; Castro, Mario ; Talavera-González, Jorge A ; Guevara, Evelyn K ; Ramirez, Darío A ; Da Peña, Gabriela V ; Giffin, Karen L ; Herbig, Alexander ; von Hunnius, Tanya ; Scott, Erin ; Nelson, Elizabeth A ; de Los Ángeles García Martínez, María ; Saunders, Shelley R ; Kocher, Arthur ; Couoh, Lourdes R ; Barquera, Rodrigo ; Sitter, T Lesley ; Ballesteros Solís, Fabiola A ; Rohrlach, Adam B ; Rodriguez, Mónica ; Nores, Rodrigo

AbstractHuman treponemal infections are caused by a family of closely related Treponema pallidum that give rise to the diseases yaws, bejel, pinta and, most notably, syphilis1. Debates on a common origin for these pathogens and the history of syphilis itself have weighed evidence for the ‘Columbian hypothesis’2, which argues for an American origin, against that for the ‘pre-Columbian hypothesis’3, which argues for the presence of the disease in Eurasia in the Medieval period and possibly earlier. Although molecular data has provided a genetic basis for distinction of the typed subspecies4, deep evolution of the complex has remained unresolved owing to limitations in the conclusions that can be drawn from the sparse palaeogenomic data that are currently available. Here we explore this evolutionary history through analyses of five pre- and peri-contact ancient treponemal genomes from the Americas that represent ancient relatives of the T. pallidum subsp. pallidum (syphilis), T. pallidum subsp. pertenue (yaws) and T. pallidum subsp. endemicum (bejel) lineages. Our data indicate unexplored diversity and an emergence of T. pallidum that post-dates human occupation in the Americas. Together, these results support an American origin for all T. pallidum characterized at the genomic level, both modern and ancient.

01 May 2020·American Journal of Physical AnthropologyQ2 · EARTH SCIENCE

Advancing the understanding of treponemal disease in the past and present

Q2 · EARTH SCIENCE

Review

Author: Mabey, David C. ; Stone, Anne C. ; Gregoricka, Lesley A. ; Lee, Christine ; Crane‐Kramer, Gillian ; Stodder, Ann L. W. ; Henneberg, Maciej ; Baker, Brenda J. ; Dee, Michael W. ; Lukehart, Sheila A. ; Roberts, Charlotte A. ; Winingear, Stevie

AbstractSyphilis was perceived to be a new disease in Europe in the late 15th century, igniting a debate about its origin that continues today in anthropological, historical, and medical circles. We move beyond this age‐old debate using an interdisciplinary approach that tackles broader questions to advance the understanding of treponemal infection (syphilis, yaws, bejel, and pinta). How did the causative organism(s) and humans co‐evolve? How did the related diseases caused by Treponema pallidum emerge in different parts of the world and affect people across both time and space? How are T. pallidum subspecies related to the treponeme causing pinta? The current state of scholarship in specific areas is reviewed with recommendations made to stimulate future work. Understanding treponemal biology, genetic relationships, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations is crucial for vaccine development today and for investigating the distribution of infection in both modern and past populations. Paleopathologists must improve diagnostic criteria and use a standard approach for recording skeletal lesions on archaeological human remains. Adequate contextualization of cultural and environmental conditions is necessary, including site dating and justification for any corrections made for marine or freshwater reservoir effects. Biogeochemical analyses may assess aquatic contributions to diet, physiological changes arising from treponemal disease and its treatments (e.g., mercury), or residential mobility of those affected. Shifting the focus from point of origin to investigating who is affected (e.g., by age/sex or socioeconomic status) and disease distribution (e.g., coastal/ inland, rural/urban) will advance our understanding of the treponemal disease and its impact on people through time.

24 Mar 2020·Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

The “Scourge of the Renaissance”. A Short Review AboutTreponema palliduminfection

Review

Author: Bottalico, Lucrezia ; Topi, Skender ; Santacroce, Luigi ; Charitos, Ioannis A ; Castellaneta, Francesca

Background:There is not a time in the history when epidemics did not loom large: infectious diseases have always had civilisation and evolution-altering consequences. Throughout history, there have been a number of pandemics: cholera, bubonic plague, influenza, smallpox are some of the most brutal killers in human history. Historical accounts of pandemics clearly demonstrate that war, unhygienic conditions, social and health inequality create conditions for the transmission of infectious diseases, and existing health disparities can contribute to unequal morbidity and mortality. The Renaissance was a period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages, but it was also the time when new infectious disease appeared, such as Syphilis. The epidemic spread of Syphilis began between the late 15th century and early 16th century due to the increased migration of peoples across Europe. The rapid spread of venereal syphilis throughout Europe suggests the introduction of a disease into a population that had not previously been exposed. Syphilis is a type of treponematosis, which includes syphilis, bejel, yaws, and pinta, but, while syphilis is venereal disease, the others are nonvenereal. Syphilis was, at the beginning, a disease of great severity due to its novelty, as the population had no time to gain any immunity against this venereal disease.Methods:The purpose of this study is to investigate the origin of syphilis and the evolution of the treatments from the empiric means to the discovery of penicillin, but also to understand how this venereal disease has largely influenced human lifestyle and evolution.Conclusions:The first of the three hypotheses about its origins is the Columbian hypothesis, which states that Columbus's crew acquired syphilis from Native Americans and carried it back to Europe in 1493 A. D. On the contrary, the second hypothesis (pre-Columbian) asserts that syphilis was present in Europe long before Columbus's voyage and was transferred to the New World by Columbus's men. The Unitarian theory argues that syphilis, bejel, yaws, and pinta are not separate diseases but they represent syndromes caused by slightly different strains of one organism. Nowadays, Syphilis’ origin is still uncertain and remains controversial. However, the large impact on the social behavior and international public health is an important reason to investigate about its origins and how to prevent the transmission.

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