Author: Diez, M Pis ; Escudero, D S ; Martínez, V R ; Colareda, G A ; Pérez, N G ; Díaz, R G ; Portiansky, E L ; Rueda, J O Vélez ; Pirosanto, Y ; Lofeudo, J M ; Castillo, O

The purpose of this study was to investigate the poorly understood cardiovascular effects of estrogen therapy (ET) in a transgender female (TGF) rat model of hypertension. This study provides novel insights into the potential risks and benefits of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). Three-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were gonadectomized, and 2 months later were randomly assigned to two different groups: GDX (3-month gonadectomy) and TGF (subcutaneous 10 μg/0.2 ml estradiol cypionate treatment every 4 days for 1 month). An age-matched control group received surgical anesthesia and vehicle (filtered corn oil) injections for the same time period (SHAM). Testosterone deprivation promoted a reduction in cardiac hypertrophy that was canceled by ET without changes in blood pressure. Echocardiographic analysis revealed different types of cardiac remodeling among groups. Isolated left ventricle papillary muscles of GDX exhibited greater stiffness than SHAM or TGF. Contractility of these muscles was reduced in TGF, showing higher response to extracellular calcium increase. An alteration in calcium handling protein expressions was observed. Oxidative stress was higher in GDX myocardium, and ET reversed this effect. Nitric oxide production increased in TGF hearts. White adipose tissue index increased in TGF without affecting body weight, and plasma cholesterol levels followed the same pattern. ET in TGF comprises a complex scenario characterized by high cardiovascular risk, reduced contractility presumably linked to changes in calcium handling proteins, and similar redox status probably due to compensatory mechanisms. Altogether, these findings have implications for long-term cardiovascular health prognosis of transgender patients and emphasize the need for further research to optimize GAHT. KEY MESSAGES: Clinical evidence suggests an increase in cardiovascular risk with GAHT, but evidence is limited. We developed a transgender female animal model that fosters unbiased research. Cardiovascular remodeling in hypertension is strongly related with circulating testosterone even in transgender females. Estrogen therapy in transgender female rats compensates ROS and myocardial distensibility. Estrogen therapy in transgender female rats worsens lipid management and cardiac contractility.

01 Aug 2025·REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS

Plasma Estradiol and Endometrial Edema Profile in Acyclic Mares After Single Administration of 17‐β Estradiol, Estradiol Benzoate and Estradiol Cypionate

Article

Author: da Silva, Elisa Sant'Anna Monteiro ; Barbosa, Laís Andrade ; Douglas, Robert H. ; Maran, Arthur Pelegi ; Bringel, Beatriz ; Guimarães, Ednaldo Carvalho ; Lima, Thereza Fornazier Good ; de Almeida, Maria Eduarda Rodrigues

ABSTRACT:

A longer endometrial exposure to estradiol before progesterone has been shown to be beneficial in cyclic and acyclic recipient mares. Therefore, the selection of an estradiol ester that promotes longer endometrial exposure to estradiol using a single administration would be advantageous when preparing acyclic mares as embryo recipients. This study investigated plasma estradiol profiles in acyclic mares after a single administration of 17‐β estradiol (17‐β), estradiol benzoate (EB) and estradiol cypionate (EC), and the correlation between plasma concentrations and endometrial edema. Fifteen non‐cyclic mares were divided into groups 17‐β (n = 5), EB (n = 5) or EC (n = 5), receiving a single dose of 10 mg of the respective hormone. Blood sample collections and transrectal ultrasonography were performed every 6 h from hour 0 to 12, every 12 h from 12 to 48 h, and every 24 h from 48 to 120 h after hormone administration. Five of the acyclic mares were used during the breeding season as a cyclic control. Greater median concentrations were detected using EB (38.6 pg/mL; p < 0.05). For 17‐β, peak concentration was observed at 6 h (29.7 pg/mL) and decreased 24 h after administration (5.9 pg/mL; p < 0.05). In the EC group, there was a modest peak starting from 12 h (11.7 pg/mL; p < 0.05), remaining relatively constant until 120 h. A more rapid increase of edema to moderate and high scores was found when using 17β estradiol, although edema scores and persistence until Day 5 were similar among the oestrogens used. A correlation between estradiol concentration and endometrial edema was only seen when using EC, and this hormone also produced the most similar concentration values to those found in natural cycling mares. Therefore, it is likely that EC would be a suitable hormone for preparing acyclic mares as embryo recipients.

01 May 2025·REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS

Efficacy of Short‐Term Timed Artificial Insemination Protocols With Estradiol Esters and PGF2α in Girolando Cows

Article

Author: de Mello, Marco Roberto Bourg ; do Couto, Samuel Rodrigues Bonamichi ; Ferreira, Joaquim Esquerdo ; dos Santos Dutra Okada, Mariana ; Silenciato, Lara Nogueira

ABSTRACT:

Using a synchronisation protocol based on estradiol esters and prostaglandin, established in cattle since the 1970s, we implemented 24 or 48‐h intervals between hormone administration and timed artificial insemination (TAI). This study compared two short‐duration TAI protocols using estradiol benzoate (EB) and cypionate (EC) as ovulation inducers. A total of 172 Girolando female cows were selected after ovarian ultrasonographic evaluation and received 500 μg of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) at the start of the treatment (D0). The inclusion criterion for females in the study was the presence of a corpus luteum measuring ≥ 14 mm and at least one follicle with a diameter between 8 and 20 mm. The cows were randomly sorted into two treatment groups. The EB group received 2 mg of EB 24 h after PGF (D1), and TAI was performed 24 h later (D2). The EC group received 2 mg estradiol cypionate simultaneously with PGF, and TAI was performed 48 h later. Pregnancy was diagnosed 30 days after AI using transrectal ultrasonography. Experiment I evaluated follicular dynamics in 18 females (EB: n = 9; EC: n = 9) by analysing the follicular growth rate, pre‐ovulatory follicle (POF) diameter, ovulation timing and ovulation rate. No statistically significant differences were observed (p > 0.05), with a 77.8% ovulation rate in both treatments. Experiment II compared the conception rates in 172 females (EB: n = 85; EC: n = 87). The overall conception rate was 30.2%, with no significant difference between the treatments (EB: 27.1%; EC: 33.3%). However, cows with a body condition score < 3.0 tended to have higher conception rates with EC than with EB (39.1% vs. 18.2%; p = 0.06). Cows with POF ≥ 10 mm at D0 had significantly higher conception rates with EC than with EB (48.3% vs. 29.0%; p = 0.03). Both protocols were equally effective; however, EC was more advantageous for cows with a POF ≥ 10 mm at treatment initiation.

100 Deals associated with Estradiol Cypionate

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D04063	Estradiol Cypionate	G03CA03	DB13954

R&D Status

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Oestrogen deficiency	United States	Pfizer Inc.	15 Aug 1979

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Translational Medicine

Boost your research with our translational medicine data.

view full example data

Deal

Boost your decision using our deal data.

view full example data

Core Patent

Boost your research with our Core Patent data.

view full example data

Clinical Trial

Identify the latest clinical trials across global registries.

view full example data

Approval

Accelerate your research with the latest regulatory approval information.

view full example data

Regulation

Understand key drug designations in just a few clicks with Synapse.

view full example data

AI Agents Built for Biopharma Breakthroughs

Accelerate discovery. Empower decisions. Transform outcomes.

Get started for free today!

Accelerate Strategic R&D decision making with Synapse, PatSnap’s AI-powered Connected Innovation Intelligence Platform Built for Life Sciences Professionals.

Start your data trial now!

Synapse data is also accessible to external entities via APIs or data packages. Empower better decisions with the latest in pharmaceutical intelligence.

Bio

Bio Sequences Search & Analysis

Chemical

Chemical Structures Search & Analysis