Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by bradykinesia, hypokinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability. These motor manifestations are attributed to the degeneration and selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), leading to a dopamine (DA) deficiency in the striatum. Neuroinflammation is considered one of the most important factors contributing critically to pathophysiology of PD . Recently, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein has been encoded as a potential inflammatory biomarker in PD

Start Date20 Nov 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Tanta University

NCT07229664

/ RecruitingPhase 2/3IIT

Clinical Study to Evaluate Safety and Effectiveness of Vinpocetine in Patients With Parkinsonian Disease

The clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD), a chronic neurodegenerative condition, include resting tremor, hypokinesia, bradykinesia, stiffness and postural instability. These motor symptoms are caused by a selective loss and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region, which leads to a dopamine (DA) insufficiency in the striatum

Start Date10 Nov 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Tanta University

NCT07229651

/ RecruitingPhase 2/3IIT

Safety and Efficacy of Metformin in Patients With Parkinson Disaese

Start Date10 Nov 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Tanta University

100 Clinical Results associated with Carbidopa/Levodopa

100 Translational Medicine associated with Carbidopa/Levodopa

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Carbidopa/Levodopa

771

Literatures (Medical) associated with Carbidopa/Levodopa

01 Oct 2025·Neurology and Therapy

Levodopa Intestinal Gel Infusion Therapies in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease: A Swedish Study on Real-World Use and Costs

Article

Author: Lagerlund, Jeanette ; Samuelsson, Jenny ; Sabelström, Emma ; Freilich, Jonatan ; Stelmaszuk, M Natalia ; Tærud, Christoffer ; Odin, Per

INTRODUCTION:

This study evaluated real-world cassette use and cost of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG; 2000 mg levodopa equivalent dose [LED]) and levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel (LECIG; 1250 mg LED) pump treatments among patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) in Sweden.

METHODS:

This was a non-interventional, longitudinal, retrospective, comparative study of patients with PD using data from Swedish national registries (National Patient Register [NPR] and Prescribed Drug Register [PDR]). Patients were enrolled in the study from January 1, 2017, to May 31, 2022 (NPR) or June 30, 2022 (PDR). Patients had two or more dispensed prescription records for either LCIG (January 1, 2017, onward) or LECIG (January 1, 2019, onward) and at least one diagnosis of PD on or before their first dispensed prescription. Average daily cassette use, costs (Swedish krona [SEK]), treatment persistence, and treatment patterns were assessed.

RESULTS:

Overall, 419 patients (LCIG, n = 276; LECIG, n = 180; both LCIG and LECIG, n = 37 [cohorts not mutually exclusive]) were included. Mean (SD) daily cassette use was significantly higher for LECIG than for LCIG: 1.28 (0.40) versus 1.09 (0.28) at 1-365 days (p < 0.0001). LECIG use was higher than LCIG at 365 days regardless of prior levodopa pump experience. The overall cost of LECIG was higher than that of LCIG; the highest cost difference between treatments was at 365 days (daily cost mean [SD], LCIG 991.23 [259.43] SEK vs. LECIG 1100.23 [341.04] SEK; p = 0.0036). Annual per-patient costs were approximately 40,000 SEK higher for LECIG versus LCIG. More patients discontinued LECIG than LCIG treatment, with 68.9% and 75.2% of those receiving LECIG and LCIG, respectively, still on treatment at 365 days.

CONCLUSION:

Real-world data show that the number of dispensed cassettes and overall treatment costs are higher for LECIG than LCIG treatment among patients with advanced PD in Sweden.

01 Oct 2025·ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles with Nigella sativa: A Multifaceted Approach against Parkinson’s Disease in Rats via MicroRNA Modulation

Article

Author: Mohamed, Amal Suliman ; Sharaf, Iman A. ; Kamel, Maher A. ; Hafez, Hala A. ; Hassan, Salma H. ; Salama, Mohammed

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease. As the disease advances, patients become less receptive to levodopa and disease progression continues. So, there is a need for alternative treatment. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Nigella sativa (NS-AgNPs) gives AgNPs additional pharmacological properties. We aimed to explore the possible therapeutic and/or protective effects of NS-AgNPs on PD-like model rats at different levels: histological, behavioral, α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation, redox, neurotransmitters, apoptosis, and microRNAs (miR-34c and miR-124). The PD-like model was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of rotenone (2 mg/kg) daily for 30 days. Then, PD-like rats were divided into the Nanotreated group, receiving NS-AgNPs (orally, 10 mg/kg daily for 30 days); Sinemet-treated group, receiving Sinemet 25 mg/250 mg (orally 10 mg/kg daily for 30 days); and Nanoprotected group, receiving rotenone and NS-AgNPs (10 mg/kg daily for 30 days) simultaneously. The PD-like rats disturbed the striatal histoarchitecture, increased α-syn content, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and decreased neurotransmission and microRNAs (miRs) levels. The Sinemet-treated group showed moderate histoarchitectural improvement and partially enhanced behavioral performance, neurotransmission, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In contrast, the NS-AgNPs ameliorated these effects and targeted multiple key pathways in the development and progression of PD, mainly through the modulation of miR-34a and miR-124 expression and significant elevation in dopamine content. It also decreased α-syn aggregation, inhibited microglial activation and apoptosis, decreased oxidative stress levels, and upregulated vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). This goes accordingly with the histopathological examination of the striatum and improvement in the behavioral performance of the PD-like rats. All of these effects, together with no adverse effects of NS-AgNPs, make it a promising therapeutic and neuroprotective agent for PD management.

01 Sep 2025·PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS

Long term follow-up of MSA patients on 24 hour continuous LCIG infusion: a case series

Letter

Author: Marano, Massimo ; Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo ; Toro, Stefano

159

News (Medical) associated with Carbidopa/Levodopa

05 Dec 2025

·www.globenewswire.com

Amneal Announces Positive Interim Phase 4 ELEVATE-PD Results With CREXONT® for Parkinson’s Disease

Interim data show substantial improvements in “Good On” time compared to other oral CD/LD therapiesCREXONT delivered substantial “Off” time reductions, improved motor symptom control and provided a longer duration of benefit with each doseFindings highlight CREXONT as a key therapy in a category with limited innovationELEVATE-PD study is ongoing with longer-term data expected in 2026 BRIDGEWATER, N.J., Dec. 05, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Amneal” or the “Company”) (NASDAQ: AMRX) today announced new positive interim results from its ongoing Phase 4 ELEVATE-PD study, presented at the Parkinson’s Study Group (PSG) Annual Meeting. The first 55 patients evaluated after six weeks of treatment demonstrated substantial clinical benefit after switching to CREXONT® (carbidopa and levodopa) extended-release capsules, including significant increases in daily “Good On” time, reductions in “Off” time, improved motor symptom control, and consistent gains in “Good On” time per dose—regardless of whether patients switched from immediate-release carbidopa/levodopa (IR CD/LD), IR CD/LD with a COMT inhibitor, or RYTARY® (carbidopa and levodopa) extended-release capsules.1 CREXONT is Amneal’s next-generation extended-release CD/LD formulation that uses a novel mucoadhesive polymer designed to optimize levodopa delivery and absorption, providing the longest-lasting levodopa plasma levels of any oral CD/LD therapy available today.2-4* “These early results confirm what clinicians are already seeing every day—patients on CREXONT feel better, stay ‘On’ longer, and experience more predictable control of their symptoms,” said Stuart Isaacson, MD, Director of the Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center in Boca Raton, FL. “For Parkinson’s patients and the clinicians who care for them, this represents a real-world step forward in how we can manage the disease day-to-day.” “The ELEVATE-PD study interim results showcase CREXONT’s differentiated clinical performance and substantial real-world benefit,” said Dr. Avinash Desai, Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer, Specialty, at Amneal Pharmaceuticals. “These interim results reinforce what patients and providers are already experiencing: CREXONT is measurably improving daily function and elevating care for people living with Parkinson’s. In a field with limited innovation for decades, CREXONT is perhaps the most significant therapy advancement in decades.” Key Interim Findings (First 55 Patients, Six-Week Analysis)Among patients switching to CREXONT (mean age 66.4 ± 8.95 years)1: Increase in Daily “Good On” Time +3.13 hours when switching from IR CD-LD (n=36)+2.31 hours from IR CD-LD+COMT inhibitor (n=6)+1.80 hours from Rytary® (n=11) Reduction in Daily “Off” time: –2.83 hours (IR CD/LD)–2.36 hours (IR CD/LD + COMT)–2.57 hours (Rytary) Increase in “Good On” Time per Dose: +1.86, +0.77, and +0.79 hours, respectively MDS-UPDRS Improvements (Total Score): –14.2, –4.1, and –13.9 points, respectively Safety: In the study, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were generally mild to moderate and consistent with prior therapy. CREXONT should not be taken with antidepressant medications known as nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. CREXONT may cause falling asleep during activities of daily living, somnolence, or dizziness. The most common (≥3%) were nausea (5.5%), falls (3.6%), dizziness (3.6%), and urinary tract infection (3.6%). Amneal will present longer-term outcomes and patient-reported results in 2026 as part of the ongoing, rolling ELEVATE-PD program, further strengthening the evidence for CREXONT’s impact on motor symptom control and functional independence. Poster #92 was presented today at the PSG Annual Meeting in San Diego. About CREXONT® CREXONT is an innovative formulation consisting of immediate-release granules with carbidopa and levodopa for rapid onset of action and extended-release pellets containing a mucoadhesive polymer technology with a levodopa core for long-lasting efficacy. CREXONT formulation and dosage strengths are different from RYTARY® (carbidopa and levodopa) extended-release capsules approved by the U.S. FDA in 2015. Learn more about CREXONT at crexont.com. About ELEVATE-PD ELEVATE-PD is an open-label, Phase 4, multi-center clinical study designed to evaluate the real-world efficacy and safety of switching to CREXONT in adults with moderately severe Parkinson’s disease experiencing motor complications such as OFF periods and dyskinesia despite being on a stable dose of oral levodopa-based regimen. The trial plans to enroll approximately 220 participants and will follow them for 13–14 months, consisting of 10 clinical visits. INDICATION CREXONT® (carbidopa and levodopa) extended-release capsules for oral use is indicated for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, post-encephalitic parkinsonism, and parkinsonism that may follow carbon monoxide intoxication or manganese intoxication in adults. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION Do not take CREXONT with antidepressant medications known as nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors.Do not take CREXONT with other carbidopa-levodopa preparations without consulting your healthcare provider.CREXONT may cause falling asleep during activities of daily living, somnolence, or dizziness. Avoid activities that require alertness such as driving and operating machinery, until you know how CREXONT affects you.The most common side effects that may occur with CREXONT are nausea and anxiety.Avoid sudden discontinuation or rapid dose reduction with CREXONT. If you are discontinuing CREXONT, work with your healthcare provider to taper the dose over time to reduce the risk of fever or confusion.You may take CREXONT with or without food; but taking it with food may decrease or delay its effect. Consider taking the first dose of the day about 1 to 2 hours before eating.Swallow CREXONT whole. Do not chew, divide, or crush the capsules.Do not take CREXONT with alcohol. Tell your healthcare provider if you: Have any heart conditions, especially if you have had a heart attack or irregular heartbeats.Experience hallucinations or abnormal thoughts and behaviors.Have an inability to control urges to gamble, have increased sexual urges, or experience other intense urges.Have thoughts of suicide or have attempted suicide.Have abnormal involuntary movements that appear or get worse during treatment.Have ever had a peptic ulcer or glaucoma.Become or intend to become pregnant. Based on animal data, CREXONT may cause fetal harm.Are breastfeeding during therapy.Have side effects; your doctor can adjust your dose. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amneal Specialty, a division of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC at 1-877-835-5472 or the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. Please read the full Prescribing Information. For more information talk to your healthcare provider. About Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease (PD) has become the fastest growing neurological disorder worldwide, with approximately 1 million people diagnosed in the U.S.3,4 It is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects dopamine-producing neurons in the brain that affect movement. PD is characterized by slowness of movement, stiffness, resting tremor and impaired balance.5 While PD is not considered a fatal disease, it is associated with significant morbidity and disability.6 The average age at diagnosis for people with PD is 60; as people live longer, the number of people living with PD is predicted to grow significantly over the coming decades.3,7 About Amneal Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: AMRX), headquartered in Bridgewater, NJ, is a global biopharmaceutical company. We make healthy possible through the development, manufacturing, and distribution of a diverse portfolio of over 290 pharmaceuticals, primarily within the United States. In its Affordable Medicines segment, the Company is expanding across a broad range of complex product categories and therapeutic areas, including injectables and biosimilars. In its Specialty segment, Amneal has a growing portfolio of branded pharmaceuticals focused primarily on central nervous system and endocrine disorders. Through its AvKARE segment, the Company is a distributor of pharmaceuticals and other products for the U.S. federal government, retail, and institutional markets. For more information, please visit www.amneal.com and follow us on LinkedIn. Cautionary Statement on Forward-Looking Statements Certain statements contained herein, regarding matters that are not historical facts, may be forward-looking statements (as defined in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995). Such forward-looking statements include statements regarding management’s intentions, plans, beliefs, expectations, financial results, or forecasts for the future, including among other things: discussions of future operations; expected or estimated operating results and financial performance; and statements regarding our positioning, including our ability to drive sustainable long-term growth, and other non-historical statements. Words such as “plans,” “expects,” “will,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” and similar words, or the negatives thereof, are intended to identify estimates and forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained herein are also subject generally to other risks and uncertainties that are described from time to time in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including under Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in its subsequent reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K. Forward-looking statements included herein speak only as of the date hereof and we undertake no obligation to revise or update such statements to reflect the occurrence of events or circumstances after the date hereof. References: Phase 4 ELEVATE-PD study (NCT06765668).CREXONT package insert. Bridgewater, NJ: Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2024.Hauser RA, et al. JAMA Neurol. 2023;80(10):1062-1069.Modi NB, et al. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2019;42(1):4-8.Dorsey ER et al. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(1):9-10.Marras et al. NPJ Parkinson’s Dis. 2018;4:21.NINDS. Parkinson’s disease: challenges, progress, and promise. Reviewed August 2019.Data Monitor: Gibrat et al., 2009; Goldenberg, 2008; Muangpaisan et al., 2009; Pringsheim et al., 2014.John Hopkins Medicine. Young-Onset Parkinson’s disease. * Based on the time that LD plasma levers were maintained above 50% of Cmax3 Investor Contact Anthony DiMeoVP, Investor Relations anthony.dimeo@amneal.com Media ContactBrandon SkopSr. Director, Corporate Communicationsbrandon.skop@amneal.com

Clinical ResultPhase 3Drug ApprovalPhase 2

02 Dec 2025

·www.businesswire.com

Laxxon Medical’s Innovative Levodopa / Carbidopa (LXM.5) Oral Dosage Form Demonstrates Significantly Higher Bioavailability (>380%) Compared to Sinemet ® , Study Results Published in the Journal Pharmaceutics

NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Laxxon Medical, a leading pharmaceutical technology company pioneering a new generation of advanced oral drug delivery systems, today announced the publication of a new study in the Journal Pharmaceutics (MDPI) that highlights the effectiveness of its proprietary carbidopa/levodopa formulations (LXM.5) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that Laxxon’s novel dosage forms significantly improved bioavailability compared to Sinemet® (carbidopa/levodopa), a current standard treatment option for Parkinson’s disease. “Levodopa remains the gold standard for treating Parkinson’s disease, but its short half-life is associated with the development of motor complications due to pulsatile dopamine levels in the brain,” said Dr. Dieter Volc, study investigator and leading clinician in the field of Parkinson Disease at the Atomos Klinik in Vienna. “Our findings show that SPID®-Technology enables controlled, sequential release of carbidopa and levodopa, resulting in significantly improved bioavailability and stable blood plasma levels. This represents a meaningful step toward reducing complications associated with traditional therapies, and it highlights the potential of this platform to reshape oral drug delivery in neurology and other therapeutic areas.” Laxxon Medical’s SPID®-Technology Platform leverages precision-engineered screen-printing methods to produce pharmaceutical tablets with tailored microstructures, enabling controlled, consistent, and prolonged levodopa release profiles for optimized therapeutic outcomes. In the study, a novel screen-printing approach was employed to create advanced oral dosage forms that deliver carbidopa and levodopa, the two primary drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease in a unique sequential form. The new formulations, LXM.5, separate the active ingredients into distinct compartments, allowing for more precise timing of drug release. In LXM.5 the incorporated enteric polymers in the Levodopa compartment played an additional role to the sequential release of the two different drugs. Lab and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies compared these new formulations to traditional Sinemet®, a commonly used Parkinson’s disease therapy that combines carbidopa and levodopa homogeneously distributed within the tablet. Study results showed that Laxxon’s new formulations successfully released the medications in sequence, but the additional controlling of the release of Levodopa through pH sensitive polymers caused a further increase of the bioavailability (>380%) and an extended AuC. Importantly, both new versions (dosed at 100 mg levodopa and 25 mg carbidopa) delivered significantly more levodopa into the bloodstream, showing 2 to nearly 4 times the bioavailability of Sinemet® (100/25). Blood levels were also more continuous over time, especially with LXM.5-2, potentially offering improved symptom control for patients. Additionally, the PK profile indicates a reduction in the required frequency of daily administrations. “This study marks a pivotal validation of our SPID®-Technology and its ability to precisely control drug release through advanced screen printing,” said Achim Schneeberger, M.D, Chief Science Officer at Laxxon Medical. “By enabling spatial separation and integration of enteric, pH-sensitive polymers into drug-containing compartments, we enable tailored release profiles within a single oral dosage form. This advancement presents an opportunity to enhance existing therapies, potentially leading to a new class of personalized, high-performance drug delivery solutions that could extend beyond the treatment of Parkinson’s disease." The complete study is available online at www.sciencedirect.com/journal/international-journal-of-pharmaceutics. About Laxxon Medical Laxxon Medical, founded in 2017, is transforming pharmaceutical development through its proprietary SPID®-Technology, an advanced additive manufacturing platform engineered to produce next-generation oral dosage forms. This technology enables unparalleled precision in sequential drug release and supports complex formulation strategies, including peptide oral delivery, nanoparticle processing, multifunctional polymer integration, multicompartment microtablets, and targeted drug delivery. SPID®-Technology offers distinct competitive advantages in lifecycle management and novel drug development, addressing critical needs across both the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. Beyond its collaborations with industry partners, Laxxon utilizes SPID® to drive its pipeline of proprietary and generic therapeutics, focused on metabolic disorders and central nervous system (CNS) conditions. Laxxon's pipeline includes ongoing working-projects with notable pharma players, biotech companies and research universities, in addition to 10 in-house Advanced Patented Generics products. Laxxon's IP is continuously growing, and together with the licensed IP from Exentis Group, consists of more than 230 patents and patent applications with more than 5,000 patent claims. For more information on Laxxon Medical and its technology platforms, go to: www.laxxonmedical.com and follow us on LinkedIn.

Clinical Result

05 Nov 2025

·endpoints.news

Supernus halts delivery of some Parkinson’s pumps over supply constraints

Supernus Pharmaceuticals is pausing new deliveries for its Parkinson’s disease drug-device Onapgo after higher-than-expected demand led to supply constraints. From Onapgo’s US launch in February to the end of September, prescribing doctors have submitted over 1,300 patient start forms, Supernus said in a Tuesday release . Onapgo is a pump that administers apomorphine to adults with Parkinson’s disease to help control symptoms like tremors or stiffness. Supernus’ stock $SUPN plunged by about 17% on Wednesday. The company said it will pause all deliveries to patients that haven’t started Onapgo and will prioritize those already taking the treatment. Supernus is working to build up inventory and will provide updates once progress has been made, it said in the Tuesday release. But the pause in Onapgo supply could cause Supernus to lose out on some business. Patients could swap to AbbVie’s competing pump product called Vyalev, which is also approved in the US for Parkinson’s disease symptoms, Stifel analysts said in a Tuesday note. Despite the supply constraints, the analysts were “impressed” with the high demand for Onapgo since its launch, which sets the therapy up for becoming a “major growth driver.” For the third quarter of 2025, Onapgo generated $6.8 million. Overall revenue for the quarter was $192.1 million, 9% higher compared to the same period last year.

Drug Approval

100 Deals associated with Carbidopa/Levodopa

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	Carbidopa/Levodopa	N04BA02	-

R&D Status

Approved

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Parkinsonian Disorders	Japan	Tatsumi Kagaku Co., Ltd.	14 May 1993
Parkinson Disease	United States	Organon & Co.	02 May 1975
Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic	United States	Organon & Co.	02 May 1975
Parkinson Disease, Secondary	United States	Organon & Co.	02 May 1975

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Dyskinesias	Phase 3	United States	AbbVie, Inc.	09 Feb 2017
Dyskinesias	Phase 3	Finland	AbbVie, Inc.	09 Feb 2017
Dyskinesias	Phase 3	Greece	AbbVie, Inc.	09 Feb 2017
Dyskinesias	Phase 3	Hungary	AbbVie, Inc.	09 Feb 2017
Dyskinesias	Phase 3	Italy	AbbVie, Inc.	09 Feb 2017
Dyskinesias	Phase 3	Slovakia	AbbVie, Inc.	09 Feb 2017
Dyskinesias	Phase 3	Spain	AbbVie, Inc.	09 Feb 2017
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome	Phase 3	United States	AbbVie, Inc.	26 Oct 2015
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome	Phase 3	Australia	AbbVie, Inc.	26 Oct 2015
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome	Phase 3	Canada	AbbVie, Inc.	26 Oct 2015

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT06765668 (ELEVATE-PD, GlobeNewswire) Manual	Phase 4	Parkinson Disease	55	CREXONT (carbidopa and levodopa) (switched from IR CD/LD)	poniyvmavv(atkaxanjgw) = jqsgiycaow qdhojhxvxq (qarxvawefb ) View more	Positive	05 Dec 2025
				CREXONT (carbidopa and levodopa) (switched from IR CD/LD + COMT Inhibitor)	poniyvmavv(atkaxanjgw) = muoqphjgzp qdhojhxvxq (qarxvawefb ) View more
NCT04006210 (BouNDless, MDS2025)	Phase 3	Parkinson Disease	279	ND0612	vtqcsjsqle(dwtgtaiovr) = fpnlrboprh mpntgkwksz (pgxkaapcgn ) View more	Positive	05 Oct 2025
				levodopa+carbidopa	vtqcsjsqle(dwtgtaiovr) = mhchbbmudf mpntgkwksz (pgxkaapcgn ) View more
NCT03022318 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Wet age-related macular degeneration	20	Carbidopa+Levodopa (Carbidopa/Levodopa Once Daily)	uktoyzciaq(oddutztljg) = getpchpyvz dhngsxcymq (jqsdmhxtuv, 1.9) View more	-	12 Sep 2025
				Carbidopa+Levodopa (Carbidopa/Levodopa Three Times Daily)	uktoyzciaq(oddutztljg) = txkggeujom dhngsxcymq (jqsdmhxtuv, 1.6) View more
NCT04821830 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Parkinson Disease	19	carbidopa/levodopa, as prescribed by treating physician (Experiment 1: Primary Outcomes (MDS-UPDRS, Joystick Task, Tapping Speed))	eaehradjzl(aeruenujex) = uwvoyssxnn yofvsxrksh (dlkkvyzbxx, 23.12) View more	-	18 Jul 2025
				carbidopa/levodopa, as prescribed by treating physician (Experiment 2: Primary Outcome (Value Driven Attentional Oculomotor Capture))	dnvqlabbek(asdtlktvgw) = vgpzntzaot waduuikdlx (fuxdhhwtzq, 0.09) View more
NCT06219915 (RES, CTgov)	Phase 1/2	Parkinsonian Disorders	13	Carbidopa 25 mg+Carbidopa-Levodopa 25/100 mg (Carbidopa Monotherapy and Carbidopa-Levodopa)	pgankxjqsl(ccvwydzzhb) = rjfvrnpxtu jjhhyusbln (njgqviuvxi, 0.14) View more	-	17 Jun 2025
				Placebo 1 (Placebo)	pgankxjqsl(ccvwydzzhb) = qyqyskqswv jjhhyusbln (njgqviuvxi, 0.18) View more
RISE-PD (AAN2025)	Phase 3	Parkinson Disease levodopa-equivalent-daily-dose (LEDD) of DA	-	CREXONT	yefedsiizd(ulvbpzxyal) = sylwekpros bfnerqbowr (zxzhxtsaxw )	Positive	07 Apr 2025
				Dopamine agonist LEDD ≤200mg	yefedsiizd(ulvbpzxyal) = fyczncklnd bfnerqbowr (zxzhxtsaxw )
NCT04006210 (BouNDless, AAN2025)	Phase 3	Parkinson Disease	232	ND0612	eavxhvgmvb(xsultsdlif) = necvjosfis haknogifpz (vuurzhzmzc )	Positive	07 Apr 2025
				Immediate-Release Levodopa/Carbidopa (IR-LD/CD)	eavxhvgmvb(xsultsdlif) = ryketrtthj haknogifpz (vuurzhzmzc )
P11-5.010 (AAN2025)	Phase 3	-	495	CREXONT	fwyyewqegf(pxpaqxmmvu) = jlhzvhlsex muxwcsbgpf (dnqwqdhlfq )	Positive	07 Apr 2025
				Immediate-Release Carbidopa-Levodopa (IR CD-LD)	fwyyewqegf(pxpaqxmmvu) = vavlapjucw muxwcsbgpf (dnqwqdhlfq )
NCT04723147 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Depressive Disorder \| Anhedonia	19	placebo+carbidopa+Levodopa+Carbidopa Levodopa (All Participants)	wlbbsqgiix(eserbbvbdr) = aabkjgdkbn hkbgnpyqgj (upngqznfre, 0.132) View more	-	16 Dec 2024
				Placebo+Carbidopa Levodopa (Carbidopa Levodopa (150, 300, 450 mg/Day Per Week) Followed by Placebo)	jxuecklqek(unhlixzcxa) = okfyodfwwe uychgvawvt (aflrlcdnek, 9.9) View more
NCT04006210 (BouNDless, PRNewswire) Manual	Phase 3	Parkinson Disease	-	ND0612	jqcjbwvmhk(bzustralwb) = gqhcpdjbsu tdtmdnadet (hczikuwpan ) View more	Positive	30 Sep 2024

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