Delving into the Latest Updates on Sodium nitrite with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

sodium nitrite (sustained release, peripheral artery disease), AIR001, JAN-101

+ [2]

Target-

Action

donors

Mechanism

Nitric oxide donors

Therapeutic Areas

Other DiseasesNervous System DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases

Active Indication

PoisoningPain, PostoperativeHypertension

Inactive Indication

Acute myocardial infarctionAnemia, Sickle CellCOVID-19+ [15]

Originator Organization

Hope Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Active Organization

The University of Alabama at Birmingham

Hope Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Inactive Organization

Mast Therapeutics, Inc.

Aires Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

TheraVasc, Inc.

+ [1]

License Organization

TheraVasc, Inc.Soin Therapeutics LLC

ALT5 Sigma Corp.

+ [1]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (14 Feb 2012),

Poisoning

Regulation-

Login to view timeline

Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaHNNaO2

InChIKeyZAOCWQZQPKGTRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry7632-00-0

The purpose of the study is to increase the in vivo levels of nitric oxide by generating nitric oxide donor compound S-nitrosoacetylcysteine (SNOAC) using the mixture of sodium nitrite and N-acetylcysteine crystals in the sublingual space. The generated SNOAC rapidly diffuses into blood circulation thereby decrease the systemic blood pressure. This compound can be an alternative to organic nitrate NO donor drugs without developing tolerance in patients.

Start Date01 Mar 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

The University of Alabama at Birmingham

ACTRN12622001330730

/ RecruitingPhase 1/2IIT

Elucidating the effects of nebulized sodium nitrite and argon on blood pressure and cerebrovascular haemodynamics in healthy adults and hypertensive patients

Start Date09 Jan 2023

Sponsor / Collaborator

Auckland University

100 Clinical Results associated with Sodium nitrite

Login to view more data

100 Translational Medicine associated with Sodium nitrite

Login to view more data

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Sodium nitrite

Login to view more data

19,223

Literatures (Medical) associated with Sodium nitrite

01 Oct 2025·SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

Excited-state intramolecular-proton-transfer-based fluorescent probe for the rapid detection of peroxynitrite in Alzheimer’s disease models

Article

Author: Li, Haitao ; Zhang, Youyu ; Fang, Cong ; Chen, Shiying ; Zhao, Kuicheng ; Wu, Cuiyan ; Huang, Wei ; Liu, Feng

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease that involves continuous pathophysiological processes and causes irreversible brain damage. Increasing evidence indicates that peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of AD by mediating neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Therefore, developing practical tools for the precise, rapid, and sensitive detection of ONOO^- levels is essential for elucidating the multiple pathological processes associated with AD. HBT-PON, a novel fluorescent probe that incorporates a benzothiazole (HBT) derivative as the fluorescent signaling moiety and a 1,1-diphenylhydrazine moiety as the recognition unit, was prepared in this study and employed for the excited-state intramolecular-proton-transfer-based detection of ONOO^- in AD. HBT-PON is readily synthesized and exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity for ONOO^- (limit of detection: 4.7 nM) and responds rapidly (<5 s). Moreover, it is an ideal tool for visualizing ONOO^- in cells, zebrafish, and AD-related biological models owing to its low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. Furthermore, this probe can effectively monitor dynamic changes in ONOO^- levels in an AD cell model and mouse brain tissue, thereby providing a robust method for comprehensively examining the relationship between ONOO^- and the pathology of AD.

01 Oct 2025·TALANTA

Constructing amino and hydroxyl group co-modified porous organic polymers for the efficient enrichment of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides and their determination by HPLC-UV

Article

Author: Dou, Yiran ; Wu, Qiuhua ; Wang, Qianqian ; Wang, Chun ; Zhao, Ying ; Hao, Lin

As hormone-type herbicides, phenoxyacetic acid herbicides (PAAs) residues in environment and food pose severe risks to human health. In this study, a hydroxyl and amino modified azo-linked porous polymer (NH-OH-POP) was synthesized for the first time. As a solid-phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent, NH-OH-POP achieved efficient enrichment of PAAs across a broad pH range (pH 1-9), far surpassing the pH range of all previously reported adsorbents. With NH-OH-POP as SPE adsorbent, a highly efficient high-performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of trace PAAs in real water and vegetable samples has been established. The method demonstrated good linearity (determination coefficient >0.998), high sensitivity (detection limits of 0.08-0.30 ng mL^-1 for water, 6.00-18.0 ng g^-1 for wax gourd, and 6.50-20.0 ng g^-1 for cucumber), and high recovery rates (87.4-107 %), with relative standard deviations below 7.2 %. This work can shed light on constructing multifunctional POPs for the robust enrichment and detection of acidic organic pollutants.

01 Sep 2025·FUEL

Investigation of the electrochemical characteristics of gaseous products derived from low-temperature molten nitrate salt pyrolysis of biomass

Author: Li, Xian ; Hu, Hongyun ; Wang, Tiancheng ; Ren, Yang ; Yao, Hong ; Liu, Huan ; He, Jing

To tackle the issues of poor thermal conductivity and low-value products in biomass pyrolysis, our previous research investigated molten nitrates as a heat transfer medium, which enhanced efficiency and yielded high-value gases at 350 °C.This study investigates the integration of biomass nitrate pyrolysis with solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technol.Exptl. results demonstrate stable electrochem. conversion of pyrolysis gas in SOFC, achieving a peak power d. of about 100 mW/cm².Following 10,000 s of discharge cycling, no carbon deposition was observed and voltage decreased by only 0.57 %.Nitrogen oxide emissions were analyzed, revealing the role of nitric oxide in the electrochem. conversion process.The primary source of nitrogen oxides stemmed from the oxidation of anions with biomass, particularly NO^-₂.Elevated temperatures promoted nitrogen oxide formation, with cellulose contributing significantly due to reducing sugars from its decompositionHemicellulose produced fewer reducing sugars, and lignin, with its predominant aromatic structure, was less reactive.At typical SOFC temperatures, NO decomposed to produce O₂, facilitating redox reactions with reforming gas, enhancing the anode reaction rate and reducing SOFC polarization resistance by about 1.3 Ω upon NO introduction.This coupling exhibited a denitrification potential, achieving a NO removal rate of arround 75 % after two cycles.These findings facilitate the high-value utilization of biomass nitrate pyrolysis gas and the removal of nitrogen-containing component.

39

News (Medical) associated with Sodium nitrite

02 Apr 2025

·pipelinereview.com

AIRNA Raises Oversubscribed $155 Million Series B Financing to Fund Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Future Pipeline

Financing led by Venrock Healthcare Capital Partners with co-lead Forbion Growth, and participation from RTW Investments, Nextech Invest, and other new investors Current investors ARCH Venture Partners, Forbion Ventures, ND Capital, and others also participated AIRNA expected to file clinical trial application for Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) RNA editing product candidate (AIR-001) with potential best-in-class profile in 2H 2025 CAMBRIDGE, MA, USA & TÜBINGEN, Germany I April 01, 2025 I AIRNA, a biotech company pioneering RNA editing therapeutics to transform the lives of patients with rare and common conditions, today announced the closing of an oversubscribed $155 million Series B financing. The financing was led by Venrock Healthcare Capital Partners, co-led by Forbion Growth, and included participation from RTW Investments, Nextech Invest, ARCH Venture Partners, Forbion Ventures, ND Capital, and other new and existing investors. AIRNA will use the proceeds to advance its lead RNA editing product candidate (AIR-001) for AATD into a Phase 1/2 clinical trial, and to develop a pipeline of novel RNA-editing medicines for cardiometabolic and other diseases. “AIRNA is developing a new class of genetic medicines that could provide functional cures for a wide range of diseases,” said Kris Elverum, President and Chief Executive Officer of AIRNA. “This partnership of new and existing investors allows us to rapidly deliver AIR-001 to patients with AATD, as well as progress a pipeline of medicines to realize the full potential of RNA editing.” AATD is caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene that lead to insufficient levels of functional alpha-1 antitrypsin (M-AAT) protein, which results in lung and liver disease. AIR-001 precisely repairs the most common, harmful SERPINA1 mutation (PiZ) to address the underlying cause of both lung and liver disease and restore functional M-AAT production. AIR-001 was designed for potent and durable M-AAT production, convenient, subcutaneous dosing, and well-tolerated safety to give patients a preferred therapeutic option. “Patients with AATD have limited therapeutic options, and AIRNA is developing a potentially best-in-class medicine that has been optimized for potency, durability, and safety,” said Ken Greenberg, M.D., partner at Venrock Healthcare Capital Partners. “Venrock is thrilled to collaborate with the tremendous team at AIRNA, and a world-class investor syndicate, to bring novel RNA editing medicines to patients.” AIRNA’s proprietary platform harnesses natural mechanisms to potently edit a target RNA with a safe and flexible medicine. Precise RNA editing has unique potential to safely introduce beneficial genetic variants that promote optimal health, in addition to repairing disease-driving mutations, such as those causing AATD. AIRNA identifies variants that drive health through human genetics, and is developing new medicines to transform the lives of patients with cardiometabolic and other diseases. “AIRNA’s innovative approach to RNA editing has the distinctive potential to improve health across large populations by introducing healthy genetic variants for many conditions. We are excited to support the expansion of AIRNA’s pipeline of life-changing medicines and the advancement AIR-001 into the clinic,” said Dirk Kersten, Managing Partner at Forbion. Alongside this financing, AIRNA announced the appointment of Melissa McCracken, Ph.D., a partner at Nextech Invest, to the Board of Directors. Dr. McCracken has a track record of growing the next generation of innovative biopharma companies, with a focus on precision approaches. About AIRNA AIRNA is harnessing advances in genetics to develop transformative RNA-editing medicines that improve human health across both rare and broad populations. RNA editing offers the precision of genetic medicine approaches while maintaining treatment convenience, flexibility, and reversibility. Our proprietary platform is based on groundbreaking research by pioneers of the field and company co-founders Thorsten Stafforst (University of Tübingen) and Jin Billy Li (Stanford University) and enables optimal potency, safety, and delivery. AIRNA is advancing a robust pipeline of therapeutic candidates that are designed to provide functional cures for severe or chronic diseases by repairing harmful genetic variants or introducing beneficial variants promote optimal health. AIRNA’s lead program has the potential to be a best-in-class therapeutic for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). AIRNA has headquarters in Cambridge, MA, with research operations in Tübingen, Germany. Learn more at https://airna.com/ . SOURCE: AIRNA

Executive ChangesiRNA

02 Apr 2025

·www.pharmaceutical-technology.com

AIRNA secures $155m to bring RNA-candidate to clinic

AIRNA’s total capital raised so far is $245m. Credit: sesame via Getty Images. AIRNA has raised $155m in Series B financing to advance its RNA editing pipeline, and kick-start a clinical trial for its lead candidate, AIR-001. Venrock Healthcare Capital Partners and Forbion Growth co-led the new round, bringing AIRNA’s total raised capital to $245m. The US and Germany-based biotech plans to file a clinical trial application (CTA) for its lead candidate, AIR-001, for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) by H2 2025. The company is developing AIR-001 as an investigational RNA editor – a therapy designed to modify RNA sequences to correct disease-causing mutations. This approach is different to DNA editing approaches such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), which make permanent changes to the genome. RNA editing is a reversible process that allows for targeted corrections without altering the underlying genetic code. The Series B funds will support the launch of a Phase I/II clinical trial for AIR-001 and the further development of other RNA-editing candidates, primarily targeting cardiometabolic diseases. AATD is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene, which encodes the AAT protein. Under normal circumstances, AAT is produced in the liver and transported to the lungs, where it regulates enzyme activity to prevent tissue damage. In patients with AATD, mutations can prevent AAT from exiting the liver, leading to toxic protein accumulation that damages the liver while also depriving the lungs of necessary protection. This can result in progressive lung disease, liver dysfunction, and symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and jaundice. The AATD treatment landscape is becoming increasingly competitive as multiple biotechs advance RNA-editing candidates. Korro Bio is investigating its candidate KRRO-110 in the Phase I/IIa REWRITE clinical trial (NCT06677307), with interim data expected in H2 2025. The company announced last month that the dosing of the first two cohorts had been completed, and the trial is expected to conclude next year. Wave Life Sciences is developing WVE-006, which demonstrated targeted RNA editing in the first two patients treated in the Phase Ib/IIa RestorAATion-2 clinical trial (NCT06405633). The growing interest in RNA editing has also drawn investment from major pharmaceutical companies. In November 2023, Roche expanded its partnership to develop a one-time RNA editing therapy using ShapeTX’s AI-powered platform for an undisclosed disease. In September 2024, Novo Nordisk and Korro Bio announced a collaboration leveraging Korro’s OPERA platform to enable oligonucleotide-directed RNA edits for two undisclosed targets, initially focused on cardiometabolic diseases. The deal included up to $530m in upfront, development, and commercial milestone payments, along with tiered royalties and R&D funding. Not all genetic medicine approaches for AATD have progressed as planned. In January 2025, Intellia Therapeutics discontinued the development of its CRISPR-based gene therapy NTLA-3001, which was intended to correct the SERPINA1 mutation at the DNA level. Preparations for the Phase I/II trial were halted, along with other early-stage programmes, signalling a shift in the company’s pipeline priorities. With fresh funding and a CTA planned for later this year, AIRNA is positioning itself within the growing RNA editing field. Forbion managing partner Dirk Kersten said: “AIRNA’s innovative approach to RNA editing has the distinctive potential to improve health across large populations by introducing healthy genetic variants for many conditions. We are excited to support the expansion of AIRNA’s pipeline of life-changing medicines and the advancement of AIR-001 into the clinic.”

Clinical StudyOligonucleotidesiRNAGene Therapy

01 Apr 2025

·www.businesswire.com

AIRNA Raises Oversubscribed $155 Million Series B Financing to Fund Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Future Pipeline

CAMBRIDGE, Mass. & TÜBINGEN, Germany--(BUSINESS WIRE)--AIRNA, a biotech company pioneering RNA editing therapeutics to transform the lives of patients with rare and common conditions, today announced the closing of an oversubscribed $155 million Series B financing. The financing was led by Venrock Healthcare Capital Partners, co-led by Forbion Growth, and included participation from RTW Investments, Nextech Invest, ARCH Venture Partners, Forbion Ventures, ND Capital, and other new and existing investors. AIRNA will use the proceeds to advance its lead RNA editing product candidate (AIR-001) for AATD into a Phase 1/2 clinical trial, and to develop a pipeline of novel RNA-editing medicines for cardiometabolic and other diseases. “AIRNA is developing a new class of genetic medicines that could provide functional cures for a wide range of diseases,” said Kris Elverum, President and Chief Executive Officer of AIRNA. “This partnership of new and existing investors allows us to rapidly deliver AIR-001 to patients with AATD, as well as progress a pipeline of medicines to realize the full potential of RNA editing.” AATD is caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene that lead to insufficient levels of functional alpha-1 antitrypsin (M-AAT) protein, which results in lung and liver disease. AIR-001 precisely repairs the most common, harmful SERPINA1 mutation (PiZ) to address the underlying cause of both lung and liver disease and restore functional M-AAT production. AIR-001 was designed for potent and durable M-AAT production, convenient, subcutaneous dosing, and well-tolerated safety to give patients a preferred therapeutic option. “Patients with AATD have limited therapeutic options, and AIRNA is developing a potentially best-in-class medicine that has been optimized for potency, durability, and safety,” said Ken Greenberg, M.D., partner at Venrock Healthcare Capital Partners. “Venrock is thrilled to collaborate with the tremendous team at AIRNA, and a world-class investor syndicate, to bring novel RNA editing medicines to patients.” AIRNA’s proprietary platform harnesses natural mechanisms to potently edit a target RNA with a safe and flexible medicine. Precise RNA editing has unique potential to safely introduce beneficial genetic variants that promote optimal health, in addition to repairing disease-driving mutations, such as those causing AATD. AIRNA identifies variants that drive health through human genetics, and is developing new medicines to transform the lives of patients with cardiometabolic and other diseases. “AIRNA’s innovative approach to RNA editing has the distinctive potential to improve health across large populations by introducing healthy genetic variants for many conditions. We are excited to support the expansion of AIRNA’s pipeline of life-changing medicines and the advancement AIR-001 into the clinic,” said Dirk Kersten, Managing Partner at Forbion. Alongside this financing, AIRNA announced the appointment of Melissa McCracken, Ph.D., a partner at Nextech Invest, to the Board of Directors. Dr. McCracken has a track record of growing the next generation of innovative biopharma companies, with a focus on precision approaches. About AIRNA AIRNA is harnessing advances in genetics to develop transformative RNA-editing medicines that improve human health across both rare and broad populations. RNA editing offers the precision of genetic medicine approaches while maintaining treatment convenience, flexibility, and reversibility. Our proprietary platform is based on groundbreaking research by pioneers of the field and company co-founders Thorsten Stafforst (University of Tübingen) and Jin Billy Li (Stanford University) and enables optimal potency, safety, and delivery. AIRNA is advancing a robust pipeline of therapeutic candidates that are designed to provide functional cures for severe or chronic diseases by repairing harmful genetic variants or introducing beneficial variants promote optimal health. AIRNA’s lead program has the potential to be a best-in-class therapeutic for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). AIRNA has headquarters in Cambridge, MA, with research operations in Tübingen, Germany. Learn more at https://airna.com/.

Executive ChangesiRNA

100 Deals associated with Sodium nitrite

Login to view more data

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

Login

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Poisoning	United States	Hope Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	14 Feb 2012

Developing

10 top R&D records.

Login

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Peripheral Vascular Diseases	Phase 2	United States	ALT5 Sigma Corp.	23 Jul 2020
COVID-19	Phase 2	United States	Hope Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	22 Jul 2020
Lung Injury	Phase 2	United States	Hope Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	22 Jul 2020
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Acute	Phase 2	United States	Hope Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	22 Jul 2020
Respiratory Failure	Phase 2	United States	Hope Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	22 Jul 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fraction	Phase 2	United States	Aires Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	10 Aug 2016
Cystic Fibrosis	Phase 2	United States	Mast Therapeutics, Inc.	01 Feb 2016
Pseudomonas Infections	Phase 2	United States	Mast Therapeutics, Inc.	01 Feb 2016
Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain	Phase 2	United States	TheraVasc, Inc.	28 Apr 2015
Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension	Phase 2	United States	Aires Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Nov 2012

Login to view more data

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT02713126 (INABLE, Pubmed \| Mayo Clin Proc) Manual	Phase 2	Heart failure with normal ejection fraction	92	Inorganic Nitrite 40 mg	bghbebgapb(zhclamcxey) = mgyjrmspoe bjjynlpyph (bflydpwjnm, 0.3 - 1.2) View more	Negative	01 Feb 2024
NCT02713126 (INABLE \| INABLE-Training Trial \| RELAX, NCT00763867; Nitrate's Effect on Activity Tolerance in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction, NCT02053493; Inorganic Nitrite Delivery to Improve Exercise Capacity in HFpEF, NCT02742129; Inorganic Nitrite to Enhance Benefits From Exercise Training in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction [HFpEF], NCT02713126, CTgov)	Phase 2	Heart failure with normal ejection fraction	92	Cardiac Exercise Training (Placebo)	cqfcqbtqet(gzwukywkxy) = zuvkripvfd nmpelehtag (irqypduliv, 2.10) View more	-	26 Apr 2023
				Cardiac Exercise Training+Sodium Nitrite (Sodium Nitrite)	cqfcqbtqet(gzwukywkxy) = dipzrrtpkv nmpelehtag (irqypduliv, 1.51) View more
NCT02433977 (NICLA, CTgov)	Phase 2	Asthma	6	Sodium Nitrate+Sodium Nitrite	dgmmglhwpm(lonlrfzweg) = fkdylcxnfj wfhopfqetf (wepefmmxeo, 10.4) View more	-	26 Mar 2021
NCT02262078 \| NCT01932606 (Pubmed \| Eur J Heart Fail)	Phase 2	Heart failure with normal ejection fraction	51	Inhaled sodium nitrite	reykolsrzr(pfbuvlnsjm) = bwognubing tskteibrvc (qvzebscfjb ) View more	-	09 Jan 2021
				Intravenous sodium nitrite	reykolsrzr(pfbuvlnsjm) = bhqlgcxkmw tskteibrvc (qvzebscfjb ) View more
NCT02412852 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain	26	Sodium nitrite (40 mg TV1001sr)	qqvmadnzzm = ldwapvdbda hxexriaios (nclsocxrcz, pkwkpabizg - myhxrbakdq) View more	-	24 Apr 2020
				Sodium nitrite (80 mg TV1001sr)	qqvmadnzzm = orugforezh hxexriaios (nclsocxrcz, ieaotfjuti - pstuygeuvh) View more
NCT02918552 (ONOH, CTgov)	Phase 2	Heart failure with normal ejection fraction	15	sodium nitrite (Sodium Nitrite)	vrmmdqbaho(gtypoelzww) = jjocwcyfzt gecvorutgw (rcxaggryvz, 1.5) View more	-	22 Jan 2020
				placebo (Placebo)	vrmmdqbaho(gtypoelzww) = ocumtpgcgo gecvorutgw (rcxaggryvz, 0.5) View more
NCT01681810 (ONTX, CTgov)	Phase 2	Metabolic Syndrome \| Hypertension	20	14Nitrogen Sodium Nitrite	xzgvuqjsue(yqsdpibktl) = degecmucue bmxdhlzvio (onuahnjkhq, 0.58) View more	-	16 Apr 2019
NCT02742129 (INDIE-HFpEF, CTgov)	Phase 2	Heart failure with normal ejection fraction	105	Placebo (AIR001 Crossover to Placebo)	vypfgjnozp(iienmebexz) = vmwspqvvta zzoyflgpve (yxzondnmig, 3.2) View more	-	13 Mar 2019
				Placebo (Placebo Crossover to AIR001)	vypfgjnozp(iienmebexz) = hubiuuvgjl zzoyflgpve (yxzondnmig, 3.8) View more
NCT02742129 (Pubmed \| JAMA)	Phase 2	Heart failure with normal ejection fraction	105	Inorganic Nitrite	dniluhlotf(krleorzlkp) = vvjgaazneu azdhvdjybr (zbmmgjgsxm ) View more	-	06 Nov 2018
				Placebo	dniluhlotf(krleorzlkp) = gbliilxwjc azdhvdjybr (zbmmgjgsxm ) View more
ESC2018	Not Applicable	ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction	-	Sodium nitrite therapy	sviufvmerw(pwpdlozeet) = gvtrjqvodt dxfwrfgohk (fezxmuuhrf )	Positive	26 Aug 2018
				Sodium nitrite	sviufvmerw(pwpdlozeet) = xfcdtlrbgl dxfwrfgohk (fezxmuuhrf )