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Last update 18 Jun 2026
Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride
Last update 18 Jun 2026
Overview
Basic Info
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms dexrazoxane, Topotect, Totect + [13] |
Target |
Action inhibitors |
Mechanism Top II inhibitors(Topoisomerase II inhibitors) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
License Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date United States (26 May 1995), |
RegulationAccelerated Approval (United States), Orphan Drug (United States), Orphan Drug (Australia) |
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Structure/Sequence
Molecular FormulaC11H17ClN4O4 |
InChIKeyBIFMNMPSIYHKDN-FJXQXJEOSA-N |
CAS Registry149003-01-0 |
Related
57
Clinical Trials associated with Dexrazoxane HydrochlorideNCT07654426
A Randomized Study of Dexrazoxane or Liposomal Doxorubicin in Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma at High Risk for Heart Failure Events: the CARDIOPROTECT Trial
NCT07502521
Dexrazoxane for the Reduction of Haemorrhagic Myocardial Infarction in STEMI: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Sequential-Cohort Phase IIa Trial
NCT06647953
Prospective Treatment of Types I, II and III Pleuropulmonary Blastoma (PPB)
100 Clinical Results associated with Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride
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100 Translational Medicine associated with Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride
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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride
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891
Literatures (Medical) associated with Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride01 Jun 2026Cardiovascular Toxicology
Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer: Mechanistic Pathways, Pharmacogenomic Modifiers, and Translational Strategies
Review
Author: Cheng, Yu-Che ; Lin, Shih-Chang ; Kuok, Chi-Tong ; Guo, Jiun-Wen ; Huang, Chen-Yu ; Lee, Hao-Wei
Doxorubicin, a prototypical anthracycline, remains an important component of breast cancer therapy, although its use has declined with the availability of effective non-anthracycline regimens and is increasingly restricted to selected high-risk settings. At the same time, anthracyclines continue to serve as first-line therapy for multiple malignancies, including lymphomas, leukemias, and sarcomas, sustaining the broad clinical relevance of anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity. This timely review synthesizes mechanistic, pharmacogenomic, and translational evidence on doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular toxicity. We highlight the interplay of DNA intercalation, topoisomerase II poisoning, redox cycling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lipid metabolism as drivers of both anticancer efficacy and myocardial injury. Pharmacogenomic variants such as RARG, SLC28A3, and SLC22A3 (OCT3) modify individual susceptibility, offering investigational, genotype-informed avenues for cardioprotection. Emerging biomarkers-including troponins, sphingolipids, cell-free DNA, and immune signatures-show promise for early detection of cardiac injury. In parallel, tumor-intrinsic and microenvironmental mechanisms contribute to doxorubicin resistance, underscoring the need for integrated strategies that address efficacy and toxicity concurrently. Translational advances include established cardioprotective approaches such as dexrazoxane and liposomal formulations, alongside investigational strategies-including SGLT2 inhibitors, OCT3 blockade, and RARG agonists-that require prospective validation. Complementary efforts to overcome resistance encompass nanomedicine-based delivery, STAT3 inhibition, and RNA-directed therapeutics. By converging molecular mechanisms, pharmacogenomic insights, and biomarker discovery, this review outlines precision strategies to sustain doxorubicin benefit while minimizing cardiovascular harm.
01 May 2026JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE
Silent damage, early signals: A narrative review of the evolving role of cardiac biomarkers in oncology-driven cardiotoxicity
Review
Author: Aura, Calderon ; Arias, Francisco ; Cobos, Everardo ; Mogollon, Ivan ; Salcedo, Luis ; Matos, Catherine ; Loayza Pintado, Jose
Advancements in cancer therapy have led to improved patient survival but have also introduced an increasing risk of cardiotoxicity, particularly with agents such as anthracyclines, trastuzumab, and various targeted treatments. Cardiotoxic effects may present as myocardial injury, systolic or diastolic dysfunction, or heart failure (HF), often developing insidiously before clinical symptoms become evident. Early detection is therefore crucial to preserve cardiovascular health in oncology patients. This narrative review examines the expanding role of cardiac biomarkers; including high-sensitivity troponins, natriuretic peptides, Galectin-3, soluble ST2, and novel molecular markers like microRNAs, in identifying and monitoring chemotherapy-induced cardiac injury. It also highlights how these biomarkers complement advanced imaging techniques such as global longitudinal strain, cardiac magnetic resonance, and myocardial deformation imaging to detect subclinical changes before ejection fraction declines. Furthermore, we explore the clinical relevance of biomarker-guided monitoring, the role of cardioprotective agents such as dexrazoxane, and the emerging utility of stress-based functional testing in evaluating cardiac reserve. Overall, the review emphasizes a tailored, multimodal approach that integrates biomarkers, imaging, and clinical risk profiling to enhance early intervention and sustain cancer treatment without compromising cardiac function.
03 Apr 2026DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS
Molecular insights into doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and phytochemical-based cardioprotection: challenges and future strategies
Review
Author: Shyam, Mukul ; Vashishth, Rahul ; Evan Prince, Sabina ; Joshi, Rachana V. ; Amrutha, M. ; Kommoju, Niharika ; Srirangan, Prathap ; Radhakrishnan, Vidya
Doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic extensively used in cancer treatment, is limited by its dose-dependent cardiotoxicity caused by oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis-ultimately leading to cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and decreased quality of life. Although dexrazoxane is the only FDA-approved cardioprotective agent, concerns about its long-term safety and potential interference with doxorubicin's antitumor effectiveness have increased the search for safer alternatives. This study investigates the cardioprotective effects of phytochemicals and herbal compounds that target key signaling pathways involved in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, specifically PI3K/Akt, AMPK/SIRT1, Nrf2/Keap1, NF-κB, and Akt/mTOR/GSK-3β. Despite promising preclinical evidence of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, the clinical use of phytochemicals is limited by issues such as low bioavailability, poor specificity, dose-dependent toxicity, variable pharmacokinetics, and lack of standardization. Therefore, innovative approaches-such as ligand-targeted delivery systems, nanotechnology-based formulations, and structural modifications of lead compounds-are essential to enhance their pharmacological properties, safety, and therapeutic effectiveness for effective cardioprotection against doxorubicin-induced toxicity.
5
News (Medical) associated with Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride11 Aug 2023
AcquisitionLicense out/in
10 Aug 2023
AcquisitionRadiation Therapy
100 Deals associated with Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride
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External Link
| KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
|---|---|---|---|
| D07807 | Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride |
R&D Status
Approved
10 top approved records. to view more data
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| Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials | European Union | 27 Jul 2006 | |
| Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials | Iceland | 27 Jul 2006 | |
| Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials | Liechtenstein | 27 Jul 2006 | |
| Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials | Norway | 27 Jul 2006 | |
| Cytoprotective Agent | China | 29 May 2006 | |
| Cardiomyopathies | United States | 26 May 1995 | |
| Metastatic breast cancer | United States | 26 May 1995 |
Developing
10 top R&D records. to view more data
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| Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemorrhage | Phase 3 | Denmark | 01 Apr 2002 | |
| Hemorrhage | Phase 3 | Germany | 01 Apr 2002 | |
| Hemorrhage | Phase 3 | Italy | 01 Apr 2002 | |
| Hemorrhage | Phase 3 | Netherlands | 01 Apr 2002 | |
| Hemorrhage | Phase 3 | Poland | 01 Apr 2002 | |
| Bronchitis | Phase 3 | Denmark | 01 Jun 2001 | |
| Cysts | Phase 2 | Spain | 21 Oct 2005 |
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Clinical Result
Clinical Result
Indication
Phase
Evaluation
View All Results
Phase 1 | 25 | (Dexrazoxane 100mg/m2) | ffqynavfbi = uckwjnmqhq naibmqzvxf (owymblxpqi, hofpsyldae - ulatoxcbvv) View more | - | 12 Jun 2025 | ||
(Dexrazoxane 200mg/m2) | ffqynavfbi = afsaaocgal naibmqzvxf (owymblxpqi, aarjfbvnry - noiswwzrhl) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 73 | (Arm 1: Doxorubicin and Upfront Dexrazoxane) | mpasgqshok(zfnsdrtysn) = gyjnanzzbh mkmbyutsfv (uuhdmjcghw, tatkxcyemn - baezyehllm) View more | - | 07 Nov 2023 | ||
(Arm 2: Control (Doxorubicin and Standard of Care Dexrazoxane)) | ndvnfmlmwj = dpllcgzkei wtxyctjvit (ziqrntvvlt, ziiratnpen - cphvetbudx) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | 263 | PEG G-CSF | jjxxjkzqnt(cwovgfsioa) = quibseahdn sjhvgecqzx (llxixgnhsv ) View more | - | 03 Dec 2022 | ||
Non-PEG G-CSF | jjxxjkzqnt(cwovgfsioa) = sbjnuwmahz sjhvgecqzx (llxixgnhsv ) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | - | 1,308 | wyxqirakgb(hcbwblscfo): HR = 1.07 (95% CI, 0.78 - 1.47) View more | - | 15 Feb 2022 | ||
Phase 2 | 46 | (Arm A: VACdxr With ImmTher) | ihsypzbisa(ccjagswxow) = ggwhquefxw jwcajwagor (jvapknvxad, ghqkfrijpd - xprftxccwe) View more | - | 29 Jan 2020 | ||
(Arm B: VACdxr) | ihsypzbisa(ccjagswxow) = cdkhfzawkz jwcajwagor (jvapknvxad, mqifynrwaw - mpoomaisvl) View more | ||||||
Phase 1 | 1 | maujxgnngq = jgpnnavaup dbddyrqykn (ctvagxlycq, cmuinubyyf - tzfeebzyul) View more | - | 19 Feb 2019 | |||
Not Applicable | 1,014 | peioabgemb(kypqpsppgw) = qynortfopk mojhnythda (hulzqfpcug ) View more | Positive | 01 Jun 2018 | |||
No Dexrazoxane | peioabgemb(kypqpsppgw) = vjaaxmnuzh mojhnythda (hulzqfpcug ) View more | ||||||
Phase 1/2 | 2 | kbzuhwncri = xklgywvran hzwluwifuq (ehfbpujihk, wxjacfwyxw - qewhozgdjf) View more | - | 13 Mar 2015 | |||
Not Applicable | 7 | (Outpatient Chemotherapy) | egovobsdco(iwowjwrphy) = ldfqnymvfr loxbnbjbec (bwecjgtalq, zytnwbomiz - khfxbzksam) View more | - | 10 Sep 2014 | ||
Surgery+Dexrazoxane+Mesna+Leucovorin+Doxorubicin+ifosfamide+Gemcitabine+Sargramostim+Methotrexate+cisplatin (Additional Risk-Adapted Outpatient Chemotherapy) | egovobsdco(iwowjwrphy) = oauzwzgndl loxbnbjbec (bwecjgtalq, kcovggsunw - mpubapcaiq) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 7 | neoadjuvant therapy+dexrazoxane hydrochloride+filgrastim+doxorubicin hydrochloride+ifosfamide+irinotecan hydrochloride | lmtssygwsq = dketcllqth mnqzxaxaaw (aofklvggvo, byekiqjqip - ekxzhrenih) View more | - | 28 Aug 2014 |
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