Delving into the Latest Updates on Risdiplam with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Non-degrading molecular glue

Synonyms

Risdiplam (JAN/USAN/INN), 利司扑仑, 瑞迪普兰

+ [8]

Target

SMN2

Action

modulators

Mechanism

SMN2 modulators(Survival motor neuron protein modulators)

Therapeutic Areas

Nervous System DiseasesOther Diseases

Active Indication

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Inactive Indication

HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type IJuvenile Spinal Muscular AtrophySpinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood

Originator Organization

PTC Therapeutics, Inc.

Active Organization

Roche Pharma (Schweiz) AGRoche Registration GmbH

Genentech, Inc.

+ [7]

Inactive Organization

Roche China Holding Ltd.

License Organization

PTC Therapeutics, Inc.

Royalty Pharma Plc

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (07 Aug 2020),

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

RegulationFast Track (United States), Orphan Drug (United States), Orphan Drug (European Union), Special Review Project (China), Orphan Drug (South Korea), Orphan Drug (Australia), Priority Review (Australia), Accelerated assessment (European Union), Priority Review (China), PRIME (European Union)

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC22H23N7O

InChIKeyASKZRYGFUPSJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry1825352-65-5

This double-blind, Phase 2, multiple-dose study will be conducted to evaluate the PK/PD, efficacy, safety, and tolerability of apitegromab in subjects <2 years old with 5q autosomal recessive SMA who have delayed motor milestones for their age attributed to SMA at the discretion of the Investigator or a Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP-INTEND) score <55.

Start Date15 Sep 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Scholar Rock, Inc.

NCT05861999

/ RecruitingPhase 4

A Phase IV Open-Label Study Evaluating the Effectiveness and Safety of Risdiplam Administered in Pediatric Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Who Experienced a Plateau or Decline in Function After Gene Therapy

This is an open-label, single-arm, multicenter clinical study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of risdiplam administered in pediatric participants with SMA and 2 SMN2 copies who previously received onasemnogene abeparvovec and experience a plateau or decline in function. Participants to be enrolled are children <2 years of age genetically diagnosed with SMA.

Start Date14 Aug 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator-

NCT05861986

/ RecruitingPhase 4

A Phase IV Open-Label Study Evaluating the Effectiveness and Safety of Risdiplam Administered as an Early Intervention in Pediatric Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy After Gene Therapy

This is an open-label, single-arm, multicenter clinical study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of risdiplam administered as an early intervention in pediatric participants with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and 2 SMN2 copies who have previously received onasemnogene abeparvovec. Participants are children < 2 years of age genetically diagnosed with SMA.

Start Date30 May 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Risdiplam

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100 Translational Medicine associated with Risdiplam

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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Risdiplam

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259

Literatures (Medical) associated with Risdiplam

22 Oct 2025·JCI Insight

Prenatal SMN-dependent defects in translation uncover reversible primary cilia phenotypes in spinal muscular atrophy

Article

Author: Groen, Ewout Jn ; Genovese, Federica ; Pronot, Marie ; Viero, Gabriella ; Gillingwater, Thomas H ; Wishart, Thomas M ; Faller, Kiterie Me ; Donzel, Deborah ; Huang, Yu-Ting ; Paganin, Martina ; Signoria, Ilaria ; Cousin, Michael A ; Chaytow, Helena ; Lai, Nicole Ch ; Morris, Kimberley J ; Sharma, Gaurav ; Kline, Rachel A ; Motyl, Anna Al

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by low levels of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Several therapeutic approaches boosting SMN are approved for human patients, delivering remarkable improvements in lifespan and symptoms. However, emerging phenotypes, including neurodevelopmental comorbidities, are being reported in some treated patients with SMA, indicative of alterations in brain development. Here, using a mouse model of severe SMA, we revealed an underlying neurodevelopmental phenotype in SMA where prenatal SMN-dependent defects in translation drove disruptions in nonmotile primary cilia across the central nervous system (CNS). Low levels of SMN caused widespread perturbations in translation at E14.5 targeting genes associated with primary cilia. The density of primary cilia in vivo, as well as cilial length in vitro, was significantly decreased in prenatal SMA mice. Proteomic analysis revealed downstream perturbations in primary cilia-regulated signaling pathways, including Wnt signaling. Cell proliferation was concomitantly reduced in the hippocampus of SMA mice. Prenatal transplacental therapeutic intervention with SMN-restoring risdiplam rescued primary cilia defects in SMA mouse embryos. Thus, SMN protein is required for normal cellular and molecular development of primary cilia in the CNS. Early, systemic treatment with SMN-restoring therapies can successfully target neurodevelopmental comorbidities in SMA.

01 Oct 2025·Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology

Remaining Burden of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Among Treated Patients: A Survey of Patients and Caregivers

Article

Author: Land, Natalie ; Cherubino, Christabella ; Gueye, Mouhamed ; Parsons, Julie A. ; Maravic, Melissa Culhane ; Shah, Hemal ; Cagle, Claire ; Jamaleddine, Amal ; Brown, Thomas

ABSTRACT:

Objective:

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) significantly impacts motor function. This study aimed to assess the persistent burden and unmet needs among currently treated patients with SMA and their caregivers.

Methods:

Two complementary web‐based surveys were distributed in August 2024 among patients with SMA and their caregivers. Non‐ambulant patients with SMA currently receiving risdiplam or nusinersen, and/or their primary, informal caregivers were eligible to participate. Survey modules captured clinical, humanistic, productivity, and caregiver‐related burden of disease. The PROMIS Fatigue and EQ‐5D‐5L were used to assess fatigue and quality of life.

Results:

40 pediatric (mean age 8.3 years; represented by caregiver proxies) and 68 adult patients (mean age 37.5 years) were included, of which the majority were on SMN‐targeted treatment for ≥ 2 years (82.5% and 94.1%, respectively), and nearly half were on treatment for ≥ 4 years. Despite continued treatment, muscle weakness was reported in 95% of pediatric and 100% of adult patients, with 63% of pediatric and 68% of adult patients reporting “severe” or “very severe” muscle weakness that substantially impacted motor function and performance of activities of daily living. Increased fatigue and muscle weakness were associated with worse overall health. Findings also demonstrated impacts of SMA on patient quality of life and well‐being. Most participants reported mobility limitations and muscle weakness as being least improved by current treatment.

Interpretation:

Despite the use of current treatments, there remains a significant burden of SMA on patients and their caregivers. Muscle weakness and mobility limitations remain key areas of unmet need.

01 Oct 2025·JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Updates of spinal muscular atrophy in advanced therapies

Review

Author: Chien, Yin-Hsiu ; Tsai, Li-Kai ; Weng, Wen-Chin ; Lee, Wang-Tso

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in SMN1 gene, with disease severity mainly modified by SMN2 gene copies. There are remarkable advances in SMA treatment in the last decade with the approval of three disease-modifying therapies: nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide; onasemnogene abeparvovec, a gene replacement therapy; and risdiplam, an oral splicing modifier. These therapies have transformed SMA from a fatal condition into a treatable disease. Clinical trials and real-world experiences have confirmed their efficacy across presymptomatic, infantile-onset, and later-onset patients, though age at treatment initiation, pre-treatment disease duration, baseline function, and SMN2 copies influence outcomes. Ongoing research is exploring optimized dosing, combination therapies, and SMN-independent strategies, such as myostatin inhibition and neuromuscular junction enhancement. Meanwhile, the advent of newborn screening enables presymptomatic intervention, though challenges remain in identifying optimal timing for specific genotypes and managing patients with 4 SMN2 copies. Biomarkers including compound muscle action potential and circulating neurofilaments are under evaluation to refine personalized treatment strategies. As survival improves, new phenotypes and multisystem manifestations are emerging, underscoring the need for integrated multidisciplinary care and updated guidelines. Lessons learned from SMA therapy development may serve as a paradigm for other neurological diseases.

242

News (Medical) associated with Risdiplam

02 Dec 2025

·pharma.economictimes.indiatimes.com

Ministries split on drug data exclusivity

Mumbai|New Delhi: The commerce ministry and the ministry of health are in extensive deliberations over the issue of inclusion of data exclusivity or protection provisions in the proposed drug regulatory and legal framework, senior industry officials told ET. The matter has gained prominence in the last few weeks amid extensive lobbying by domestic drug industry groups, civil society, patient advocacy groups, and pharma multinationals. All the concerned parties made opposing claims to senior officials in the ministries on how data protection provisions could impact access to lifesaving drugs for Indian patients. "An inter-departmental secretary level meeting was held recently but there was no consensus," one of the officials said. "There is a positive indication on the acceptance of data protection in the regulatory provisions," a second official added. A third official termed it as an area of ongoing discussions, hinting a final decision has yet to be taken, and that the Centre may eventually explore a middle path, ensuring data protection for a specific term with certain caveats. The issue of data protection hit the spotlight recently after commerce minister Piyush Goyal, highlighted that the India-EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) entails an investment commitment of $100 billion over 15 years and the creation of one million jobs. The four members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) are Switzerland, Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein. The investment commitment from the four-nation bloc, officials said, is partly predicated on India's acceptance of data exclusivity or protection norms. Data exclusivity ensures protection of drug tests and other data originating from the research of an invention of drug or therapy by an innovator or originator company. While the matter pertains to the health ministry and the department of pharmaceuticals, the commerce ministry's Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) is also looking at it as the request came from EFTA. "The EFTA bloc has been requesting for a provision for regulatory data protection or the data which is generated as a result of clinical trials so as to encourage innovator companies and promote an innovative environment in India," a commerce ministry official said. "Preliminary discussions are going on," the official said, adding no proposals have been made by the Centre so far on the issue. To secure marketing approval for a new drug, pharma firms must submit the data or clinical trial results to the local regulator for its review process. However, global drug makers contend that the same data developed over years of rigorous trials and forming the basis of approvals is used by subsequent filers or generic drug makers who skip such trials or bioequivalence studies, securing an easy path to gaining regulatory approvals. This October, the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) invited views on the "lack of level playing field", as the government intended to review data protection laws. According to a submission accessed by ET, the Organisation of Pharmaceutical Producers of India (OPPI), a lobby group comprising multinational pharma companies, has sought a provision of ten- year data protection for small molecules and 12 years for biological products. It stressed that this was in line with its European partners that grants ten-year data protection. "The government is considering a five-year data protection," said a senior industry official. However, Indian drug makers contend that data exclusivity is a layer of protection separate from patent rights. "Data exclusivity can block generic competition, delay competition, and price reduction, which would deprive patients of medicines at affordable prices," an official said. "A 1-3 year or 3-5 year data exclusivity period after an originator medicine is licensed is being considered," the person said. "Certain American companies have proposed a 10-12 year data protection period and the protection to start from the date when they apply for in India, not globally. European majors have sought around a 6-8 year exclusivity period". The Working Group on Access to Medicines and Treatments, a patient advocacy group, underlined that having data exclusivity in India would have delayed by several years the launch of affordable versions of Swiss drugmaker Roche's Risdiplam, used for treating spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), denying countless SMA patients access to a lifesaving treatment. "Data exclusivity will not be just a technical tweak; it will be a direct threat to the survival of many people," the group cited a patient as saying. India's Natco Pharma launched generic versions of Risdiplam at ₹15,900 per bottle, fraction of Roche's price of ₹6 lakh, following a favourable court verdict recently. By Vikas Dandekar , Kirtika Suneja & Teena Thacker ,

25 Nov 2025

·www.fiercepharma.com

Novartis scores FDA approval for new version of SMA gene therapy, prices at $2.59M

Like Zolgensma, Novartis' Itvisma is a one-time treatment that delivers a functional copy of the human SMN gene to treat SMA. Novartis has received an FDA approval for Itvisma, a new version of the company’s gene therapy Zolgensma, to treat older patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).The approval comes more than six years after the FDA first cleared Zolgensma for SMA patients under 2 years old. Itvisma now covers all older patients with a confirmed mutation in the SMN1 gene.Both therapies work by delivering a functional copy of the human SMN gene via adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. While their active drug substances are identical, Itvisma is given directly to the central nervous system via an intrathecal injection in the spinal cord area, whereas Zolgensma is administered intravenously. Thanks to that formulation, Itvisma can be given to patients with larger weight in a more concentrated dose.Novartis is pricing Itvisma at a wholesale acquisition cost of $2.59 million, a company spokesperson told Fierce Pharma. At that price, the one-time therapy costs 35% to 46% less than existing chronically dosed treatments over the span of 10 years, according to the spokesperson.Patients’ out-of-pocket cost may vary, although Novartis expects broad coverage, the spokesperson added. The company is offering a patient support program in which eligible individuals may pay as little as $0.About 9,000 people in the U.S. live with SMA, and the majority of them are older children, teens and adults, Tracey Dawson, Ph.D., Novartis’ head of U.S neuroscience business, said in an interview with Fierce Pharma ahead of the approval.Given the broader patient population, Novartis has projected multibillion-dollar peak sales for Itvisma, also known as OAV101 IT. Since its initial approval in 2019, Zolgensma has treated more than 5,000 patients globally. Last year, the intravenous therapy brought in sales of $1.2 billion, making it the world’s best-selling gene therapy. Itvisma is geared toward patients who’re considering an option that may free them from the burden of chronic treatment, Dawson said. Novartis expects many of Itvisma’s recipients to be switching from existing therapies such as Biogen’s Spinraza and Roche’s Evrysdi, she said.Itvisma proved its worth in that population in the phase 3b Strength trial. Among 27 patients who discontinued treatment with either Spinraza or Evrysdi, their motor function, as measured by the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) score, showed stabilization over one year after receiving Itvisma. For the 66-point assessment, patients on Itvisma saw an increase in HFMSE least squares score of 1.05 by one year.The intrathecal gene therapy also works in treatment-naïve patients. In the Steer study, Itvisma showed a statistically significant 2.39-point improvement on the HFMSE, versus 0.51 points in patients who got a sham treatment.“While the numbers might not look huge, what it means from a clinical impact to a patient is that they’re able to continue to use their wheelchair controls, or they’re able to continue to walk,” Dawson said.Some of the seemingly tiny improvements, such as being able to keep grip strength, are meaningful to SMA patients, she said.To counter newer SMA options, Biogen has developed a higher-dose version of Spinraza. The new formulation just scored backing from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the European Medicines Agency, setting up for a marketing authorization from the European Commission. Following a complete response letter in September related to certain technical information request, the FDA has accepted a resubmission from Biogen and has set a target decision date for high-dose Spinraza on April 3, 2026. Novartis is investing heavily in neuromuscular diseases lately. The Swiss pharma is shelling out about $12 billion to acquire Avidity Biosciences. The deal would give Novartis an RNA-based platform that produces antibody oligonucleotide conjugates, plus three late-stage muscular dystrophy programs.The deal follows another smaller acquisition a year ago of AAV gene therapy specialist Kate Therapeutics, which leverages in vivo expression of transgene RNA.

Clinical ResultAcquisitionPhase 3Gene TherapyDrug Approval

25 Nov 2025

·firstwordpharma.com

New formulation of Novartis' SMA gene therapy gets FDA green light, $2.59M price tag

The FDA on Monday approved a fixed-dose, intrathecally delivered version of Novartis' spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) gene therapy onasemnogene abeparvovec-brve, about six and a half years after the original intravenous infusion was greenlit as Zolgensma. The one-time spinal injection will be marketed under the brand name Itvisma."After redefining SMA care with the first gene replacement therapy for this challenging disease, we can now help address unmet needs across an even broader SMA population with the approval of Itvisma," said Victor Bultó, president of Novartis' US operations, in a company release. The pharma expects Itvisma to be available to US patients starting in December.Novartis told FirstWord that Itvisma will have a wholesale acquisition cost of $2.59 million, though it noted, "We expect broad coverage for Itvisma and with our co-pay programme, eligible patients may pay as little as $0." Itvisma was cleared for children two years and older, teens and adults with a confirmed SMN1 mutation — a much larger patient population than covered by Zolgensma's label, which only covers infants under two with bi-allelic mutations in the SMN1 gene. In addition, the new intrathecal version uses a fixed dose rather than weight-based dosing, which Novartis believes could offer a safer alternative for older, heavier patients through a smaller one-time dose.The intrathecal formulation's approval was spurred by findings from the Phase III STEER study and the open-label Phase IIIb STRENGTH trial. The former trial enrolled 126 treatment-naïve patients with SMA type 2 between the ages of 2 and 17 who were able to sit, but had never walked on their own. STEER met its primary endpoint with Itvisma achieving a statistically significant 2.39-point improvement on the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale – Expanded (HFMSE) compared to 0.51 points in the sham control arm.STRENGTH evaluated 27 patients ages 2 to 17 who had switched to Itvisma from a rival SMA treatment — either Biogen's antisense oligonucleotide Spinraza (nusinersen) or Roche's SMN2 pre-mRNA splicing small-drug modifier Evrysdi (risdiplam). Results showed that the intrathecal gene therapy helped stabilise their motor function over a year, with an increase of 1.05 points from baseline in HFMSE total score over that time.

Phase 3Clinical ResultAcquisitionGene TherapyOligonucleotide

100 Deals associated with Risdiplam

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External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D11406	Risdiplam	M09A	DB15305

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Spinal Muscular Atrophy	United States	Genentech, Inc.	07 Aug 2020

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I	Phase 2	United States	F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.	19 Dec 2016
HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I	Phase 2	United States	Roche China Holding Ltd.	19 Dec 2016
HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I	Phase 2	Japan	F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.	19 Dec 2016
HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I	Phase 2	Japan	Roche China Holding Ltd.	19 Dec 2016
HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I	Phase 2	Belgium	F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.	19 Dec 2016
HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I	Phase 2	Belgium	Roche China Holding Ltd.	19 Dec 2016
HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I	Phase 2	Brazil	F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.	19 Dec 2016
HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I	Phase 2	Brazil	Roche China Holding Ltd.	19 Dec 2016
HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I	Phase 2	Croatia	Roche China Holding Ltd.	19 Dec 2016
HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I	Phase 2	Croatia	F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.	19 Dec 2016

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Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT03032172 (Jewelfish, CTgov)	Phase 2	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	174	Risdiplam	cnljtxepci(kyhtknkxec) = wrzeznvlwc jsbomziadn (pkcaqhmipx, zggwebrvzs - eglxwzczdf) View more	-	01 Oct 2025
NCT02908685 (FDA_CDER) Manual	Phase 2	Spinal Muscular Atrophy \| Muscular Atrophy, Spinal, Type II	180	EVRYSDI	elrumbkitm(yqsakqkpqr) = sbkhrsnbgk ilfbafoflj (aavfbhldfg, 0.61 - 2.11) View more	Positive	11 Feb 2025
NCT02908685 (FDA_CDER) Manual	Phase 2	Spinal Muscular Atrophy \| Muscular Atrophy, Spinal, Type II	180	Placebo	elrumbkitm(yqsakqkpqr) = zfpwfzfxse ilfbafoflj (aavfbhldfg, -1.22 to 0.84) View more	Positive	11 Feb 2025
NCT02913482 (FDA_CDER) Manual	Phase 2	HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I	62	EVRYSDI	npvpbmxjls(prrwuoxiht) = ionilqnwdg akycafaosg (txwstehlsr ) View more	Positive	11 Feb 2025
NCT03779334 (FDA_CDER) Manual	Phase 2	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	26	EVRYSDI (full treated population)	rdzydyfgzq(tlvaegmddr) = dikdqoqtdl hwykpxgbut (budkwxxffc ) View more	Positive	11 Feb 2025
NCT03779334 (FDA_CDER) Manual	Phase 2	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	26	EVRYSDI (2 copies of SMN2)	rdzydyfgzq(tlvaegmddr) = sbctodekga hwykpxgbut (budkwxxffc )	Positive	11 Feb 2025
NCT03779334 (RAINBOWFISH, GlobeNewswire) Manual	Phase 2	Spinal Muscular Atrophy SMN2 copies	23	Evrysdi	xmwvjqyeys(sbbqlhmdsz) = All of the children treated with Evrysdi who had three or more SMN2 copies (n=18), achieved standing and walking (100%). gidxijflxy (gfoqdvnyqb ) Met View more	Positive	14 Oct 2024
NCT02913482 (FIREFISH, NEWS) Manual	Not Applicable	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	-	Evrysdi	wdcikbnpqi(ejppaamyzc) = tfnubmelyz iakmnkzzdt (fegwsqlmei ) View more	Positive	14 Jun 2024
NCT03779334 (RAINBOWFISH, CTgov)	Phase 2	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	26	risdiplam (2 SMN2 Copies, Risdiplam)	rvjempzpan = qihemkteqn qrygrtfhox (smmnvtfxuj, uujrswdwjq - padxvcelxx) View more	-	05 Mar 2024
NCT03779334 (RAINBOWFISH, CTgov)	Phase 2	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	26	risdiplam (3 SMN2 Copies, Risdiplam)	jqgwpqpgjf(gccjkfklct) = vezsltdrbr lrzblekxxw (gzrbbdyaeq, vaspxybfih - volidnrvkh) View more	-	05 Mar 2024
NCT03779334 (RAINBOWFISH, MDA2024) Manual	Phase 3	Spinal Muscular Atrophy SMN2 copies \| ulnar CMAP amplitude	26	Risdiplam	iswhtiqdmn(kuouhrqbxv) = ilqotyazen npvijgiynx (fberauyynw ) View more	Positive	03 Mar 2024
MDA2024	Not Applicable	Spinal Muscular Atrophy SMN2 copies	-	Risdiplam	bfdmeeypun(nwjujvwmqv) = One infant had a single overdose 10x intended dosing without related sequelae vfljjhvaoq (saqrqrkkqd ) View more	Positive	03 Mar 2024
MDA2024	Not Applicable	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	-	Onasemnogene abeparvovec (OA)	alixvurpbf(qvurwhvrmq) = bosotxncxp myylhjzygj (fsiikkebyt )	-	03 Mar 2024
MDA2024	Not Applicable	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	-	Risdiplam (EVRYSDI)	alixvurpbf(qvurwhvrmq) = fdcbmiwmjw myylhjzygj (fsiikkebyt )	-	03 Mar 2024