Kunming Medical University

The tumor vaccine is regarded as a promising immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of malignant tumors by activating dendritic cell (DC) and eliciting T-cell responses. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are recognized as effective stimulators of DC maturation. Another critical factor in DC maturation is interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which amplifies the TLR signaling pathway and elevates the expression of inflammatory cytokines in DCs. Furthermore, IFN-γ can markedly enhance the synthesis of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and facilitates T cells in recognizing tumor cells. Consequently, IFN-γ and TLR ligands is utilized to generate mature DCs (mDCs) for the development of clinical tumor vaccines aimed at treating solid tumors. However, the technology facilitating the co-delivery of IFN-γ and TLR ligands to DCs is currently limited. Here, we engineered a strategy utilizing modified bacterial biomimetic vesicles (BBVs) as a delivery system, which effectively stimulated the maturation and migration of DCs, facilitating the differentiation of CD4⁺ Th1 cells and CD8⁺ CTLs, thereby surface displaying IFN-γ and TLR ligands on the BBVs. The engineered BBV/IFN-γ which carry human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) E7 protein and a fusion peptide of three 4T1 neoantigens, respectively triggered Th1/CTLs-polarized T cell responses, promoted tumoral effector T cells infiltration and reshaped the tumor microenvironment, and significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in the TC-1 tumor and orthotopic immune cold 4T1 breast tumor model. Furthermore, the tumor vaccine exhibited synergistic effects with anti- PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, the functionally modified BBVs demonstrate significant potential to overcome immunosuppression and elicit effective anti-tumor immunity.

In recent years, Dengue virus (DENV) has continued to pose significant health risks in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide, raising health alerts worldwide. It can cause hyperviremia in humans and can even lead to fatal clinical diseases. The life cycle of DENV is intricately linked to cellular lipids, and the virus selectively utilizes relevant enzymes involved in lipid metabolism to modulate the existing metabolic system in host cells during entry, replication, assembly, and other stages, thereby creating an environment conducive to its complete replication cycle. At present, there is a lack of effective and specific anti-DENV treatment measures. This review summarizes the recently identified lipid metabolism molecules and metabolic related diseases that affect DENV infection, explores the dependence of DENV on lipid metabolism and provides potential targets for the treatment of dengue fever (DF).

To compare the relationship between the delta values of muscle quantity (thickness) and muscle quality (grayscale) in the paretic and nonparetic lower extremities and the incidence of falls within 3 months. Muscle quality and quantity can significantly influence lower limb muscle strength in patients, potentially contributing to fall-related incidents.

Rehabilitation department of the largest rehabilitation center in Southwest China's Yunnan Province.

Patients with hemiplegic stroke or traumatic brain injury within the preceding 3 months. Exclusion criteria included the presence of other primary diseases that could contribute to muscle loss.

Baseline characteristics, muscle thickness and grayscale measurements, inflammatory biomarkers, and total cholesterol levels were collected to evaluate patient-specific factors associated with subsequent falls after a 3-month period.

Compared with patients with a manual muscle testing (MMT) score ≥3, those with an MMT score <3 exhibited significant differences in the rectus femoris (RF) (p = 0.002) and long head of biceps thickness of the affected limb (p = 0.033). The vastus intermedius, gastrocnemius (GM), and vastus medialis were more prominent in patients with an MMT score ≥3 (p = 0.045, 0.005, and 0.032, respectively). The primary distinction between the affected and unaffected limbs in both MMT groups was observed in the delta values of grayscale rather than in muscle thickness. Notably, 38.8% of patients with an MMT score <3 experienced at least one fall over 3 months, compared with an 8.69% fall rate among those with an MMT score ≥3 (p = 0.028). Initial changes in procalcitonin and cholesterol levels exhibited a stronger correlation with gait function than baseline measurements of muscle thickness or grayscale. The delta values in RF muscle thickness and delta value of GM grayscale were significantly associated with the incidence of subsequent falls after 3 months period.

Real-world, longitudinal data suggest that muscle grayscale, rather than muscle thickness, may offer superior prognostic insights. The likelihood of a falling event was elevated in patients with an MMT score <3, particularly among those with significant disparities in GM grayscale values between affected and unaffected limbs.