Yunnan Normal University

Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis faces significant challenges due to the kinetically sluggish four-electron oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are active for OER, however, the fundamental relationship between their electronic structure and catalytic performance remains ambiguous. This work investigates the electronic modulation of Ni sites in NiAl-LDH through strategic incorporation of s-block and d-block metal cations. A distinct volcano-shaped thermodynamic correlation emerges between the Ni valence states and OER activity upon metal substitution. Synergistic modification with Co and Fe (CoFeNiAl-LDH) optimally regulates the Ni d-band center position and oxidation states, which facilitates OH^- adsorption/desorption processes at the electrocatalyst-electrolyte interface, and lowers the energy barrier for the rate-determining *O → *OOH transition. When integrated CoFeNiAl-LDH in an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, it enables stable water splitting at 100 mA cm^-2 with a low cell voltage of 1.68 V. This work establishes a cation engineering paradigm for rational design of high-efficiency electrocatalysts through precise electronic structure manipulation.

Patients with internet gaming disorder (IGD) suffer from an imbalance of over-integrated and weakly dissociated functional brain networks. Approach bias modification training (ApBMt) has been used to correct patients' automatic approach biases to addictive stimuli; however, research exploring changes in brain network topology is limited.

Seventy subjects were randomly assigned to the approach-avoidance task (AAT) group or the sham-AAT group, and 57 subjects (AAT, 30; sham-AAT, 27) completed the entire procedure, which included pretests, AAT/sham-AAT interventions, and posttests. Behavioral and resting-state fMRI data were collected before and after the tests. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ApBMt on topological changes in resting functional brain networks in patients with IGD and explore the relationship between these network changes and behavioral indicators of addiction severity.

Repeated-measures ANOVA of the behavioral data showed that the AAT group had significant score reductions after ApBMt. Imaging data revealed significant decreases in brain network over-integration and increases in segregation of the fronto-parietal network (FPN) and the cingulo-opercular network (CON). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between the post-pre difference in DSM-5 scores and the post-pre difference in nodal efficiency (Ne) in the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC).

The findings of this study demonstrate that ApBMt effectively reduces the severity of IGD, along with associated changes in brain network topology, such as enhanced segregation and decreased over-integration. However, it is important to highlight that the neurobiological changes observed are correlated with the reduction in IGD severity, but causality cannot be established. Further research is necessary to better understand the clinical potential of ApBMt in treating IGD, either as a stand-alone intervention or in combination with other therapeutic approaches.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key step in hydrogen production by water electrolysis technology. However, developing efficient, stable, and low-cost OER electrocatalysts is still challenging. This article presents the preparation of a series of novel copper iridium nanocatalysts with heterostructures and low iridium content for OER. The electrochemical tests revealed higher OER of Cu@Ir_0.3 catalyst under acidic conditions with a generated current density of 10 mA/cm² at only 284 mV overpotential. The corresponding OER mass activity was estimated to be 1.057 A/mg_Ir, a value 8.39-fold higher than that of the commercial IrO₂. After 50 h of endurance testing, the Cu@Ir_0.3 catalyst preserved excellent catalytic activity with a negligible rise in overpotential and maintained a good heterostructures. Cu@Ir_0.3 The excellent OER activity can be attributed to its heterostructure, as confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, indicating that Cu@Ir The coupling between isoquanta causes charge redistribution, optimizing the adsorption energy of unsaturated Ir sites for oxygen intermediates and reducing the energy barrier of OER free energy determining the rate step. In summary, this method provides a new approach for designing efficient, stable, and low iridium content OER catalysts.