Hubei University of Chinese Medicine

Trionycis Carapax is a commonly used health food, often consumed after processing. Its quality varies considerably depending on the degree of processing. This study constructed a comprehensive analysis framework combining multiple techniques to accurately distinguish different processing levels. The relationships between dynamic changes in amino acids, the Maillard reaction, and protein hydrolysis during processing were elucidated. Surface color parameters a∗ (back) and b∗ (front/back), and powder color parameters b∗ and L∗, were identified as key differentiation indices. An electronic nose (E-nose) was used to distinguish raw from processed products. Using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with a normalization pretreatment method, different processing degrees of Trionycis Carapax were effectively distinguished. Fusion analysis revealed dynamic correlations between color and chemical composition. A backpropagation (BP) neural network model achieved a high discrimination rate of 91.7 %. These findings provide a valuable reference for quality control and digital transformation during food processing.

The emergence of immuno-oncology (IO) has led to revolutionary changes in the field of cancer treatment. Despite notable advancements in this field, a thorough exploration of its full depth and extent has yet to be performed. This study provides a comprehensive overview of publications pertaining to IO. Publications on IO from 2014 to 2023 were retrieved by searching the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC). VOSviewer software and Citespace software were used for the visualized analysis. A total of 1,874 articles have been published in the IO domain. The number of publications and citations has been increasing annually. This study also examines the primary research directions within the field of IO. In conclusion, this study offers a comprehensive overview of the opportunities and challenges associated with IO, illuminating the current status of research and indicating potential future trajectories in this rapidly progressing field. This study provides a comprehensive survey of the current research status and hot spots within the field of IO. It will assist researchers in comprehending the current research emphasis and development trends in this field and offers guidance for future research directions.