Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation

In Pakistan, due to the lack of a National based cancer registry exact number of CRC cases is unknown. However, minimal data that is present in literature shows an increase in CRC cases with a concerning increase in incidence in younger age groups11. This makes it pertinent to understand current pattern of CRC and its risk factors from a local perspective. This will direct future strategies in an attempt to reduce the incidence and mortality associated with CRC in our general population.

This cross-sectional study, conducted at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), involved a retrospective data review of all the patients diagnosed with breast cancer from March 2017 to December 2021. The demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, stage of the disease, and histopathological characteristics were analyzed.

After approval of ethical committee of Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation (SIUT), 86 patients were enrolled for the elective endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Randomization was done by a computer-generated randomization table. Patients were divided in two groups based on agents used for the research study. Both the groups were induced by injection midazolam 0.06 mg/kg body weight and injection nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg body weight. In group A, anesthesia was maintained by Sevoflurane inhalation via nasal prongs with oxygen to achieve minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) approximately 0.25%. Whereas, in Group B propofol infusion at 50 ug/Kg/min started for maintenance of anaesthesia. Ketamine 0.5mg/kg intravenously was used to rescue the sedation level in both groups