Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora

To evaluate the physical behavior of intraradicular dental post subjected to high temperatures for forensic purposes.

One hundred and twenty-six incisive bovine teeth were selected. The samples were randomly distributed into six groups (n = 21), according to the different posts: Exacto glass fiber Angelus™, Reforpost™ glass fiber Angelus™, Whitepost System DC glass fiber FGM™, Reforpost™ carbon fiber Angelus™, Reforpost™ I Metallic Angelus™, Ni-Cr post. Then, they were randomly divided into three subgroups (n = 7), according to the temperatures of incineration (600, 800 and 1000 °C). All teeth were photographed and radiographed pre- and post-incineration. The optical density of the posts was evaluated using ImageJ™ software.

Macroscopically, there was no association between temperature ranges and formation of cracks or root fractures, as well as radiographically, except for Reforpost™ Angelus™ glass fiber. Brown and gray colors were seen in root at 600°C, white at 800°C and 1000°C. In radiographic analysis, the materials showed a significant difference, with the temperature ranges and changes evaluated, except for Reforpost™ I metallic Angelus™. The analysis of the mean optical density of posts at pre- and post-incineration range moments revealed a significant difference between the materials Reforpost ™ glass fiber Angelus ™, Whitepost System DC glass fiber FGM™, Reforpost™ carbon fiber Angelus™.

Different posts do not interfere with the macroscopic changes shown by the root. However, the posts showed radiographic and radiopacity changes depending on the material and temperature range evaluated, which is important data for determining their changes and contributing to the identification of victims.

There is a notable necessity to discover novel alternative fertilizers since the nutrients are non-renewable sources and are limited to strict regions of the globe. Under a circular economy perspective, different wastes can now be considered as potential sources of nutrients. This review explores the potential of reusing different wastes as fertilizers or as raw materials for fertilizer production. The composition of vinasse, sewage sludge, wastewater from livestock, and olive mills were summarized, followed by a discussion in terms of nutrient availability, the necessity for supplementation to attain the nutrient demand of different crops, and the risks associated with the presence of toxic compounds in these residues. To extend the practice of fertigation, and for it to be comparable with commercial fertilizers, it is necessary to reduce the transportation costs and increase the nutrient content of these residues. For that, one alternative explored was the use of membrane separation processes. Their potential use was critically discussed, emphasizing their potential to concentrate on nutrients and their valorization. Soon, it is expected that these technologies will offer the promise of concentrating on nutrients and enhancing their value, furthering the circular economy's objectives towards better resource management.

Exercise training is essential in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In Brazil, physical therapists typically deliver exercise in PR. This document presents ASSOBRAFIR recommendations for prescribing exercise training for patients with COPD.

To provide evidence-based recommendations for structuring exercise training programs for people with COPD.

The guideline panel followed the Guidelines International Network (GIN) principles and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE-II) to ensure methodological rigor. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was employed to assess the certainty of evidence (CoE). This method assessed evidence quality and developed recommendations for five key questions addressing aspects of exercise training for people with stable COPD. Treatment effects were evaluated using systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

The following conditional recommendations were drawn: 1. Combined exercise training (aerobic + resistance) is suggested over aerobic training alone (very-low CoE); 2. No suggestion for or against adding inspiratory muscle training, non-invasive ventilation, or supplemental oxygen to combined exercise training (moderate to very-low CoE); 3. Either interval or continuous training is suggested, with no preference for partitioned or nonlinear training (moderate to very-low CoE); 4. Maintenance exercise programs are suggested as an alternative to usual care after PR (very-low CoE); 5. Minimal resource exercise training, especially with elastic resistance, or conventional exercise training is suggested (very-low CoE).

The results of the present guideline can aid clinicians in structuring exercise training for people with COPD.